1. The Muscular System
This part: 17 slides
PART A+B 32 slides

2. Ch 6-A Ch 6-B THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM--
I. OVERVIEW II. MUSCLE ANATOMY III. MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY Types Muscles Gross Overview Tissue Review Microscopic Contraction Details Functions Nervous System Whole Muscle Cell Characteristics Energy for Contract. Muscle Tone Types of Contraction Effect of Exercise IV. BODY MOVEMENTS V. SPECIFIC MUSCLES VI. INJECTION Rules Head & Neck SITES Muscle Movements Trunk & Arm Lower Limb
Ch 6-B

3. NO ASSIGNMENT FOR
MONDAY

4. I. Overview of Muscle Tissues
The Muscular System
I. Overview of Muscle Tissues
A. Myo, mys, & sarco  muscle
B. *Fiber =
C. *3 Types
D. *Review

5. E. *Skeletal Muscle Functions1. 2. 3. 4.

6. F. Skeletal Muscle Cell Characteristics
Excitability:
Contractility:
Extensibility:
Elasticity: recoil

7. II. Skeletal Muscle Anatomy A. Gross Anatomy
1. Connective Tissue Cells & muscles are surrounded and bundled by
2. Attachments to Bones:
*Tendons
*Aponeuroses

8. B. Microscopic Anatomy 1. *Fibers = Segment of a Fiber 2. *Sarcolemma:
3. *Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
4. Myofibrils:
a. Striations
b. Proteins = Myosin & Actin:
Segment of a Fiber
ACTIN
MYOSIN
Segment of a Myofibril

9. C. Nervous System Basics
1. Neuron parts
a. *Cell Body
b. Dendrites
c. Axon
Axon Terminals
Neurotransmitters - Acetylcholine
Axon Terminals
Cell body
Motor Neurons: send messages to muscles
Axon
Dendrites

10. 2. Nerve Message = Action Potentials 3
2. Nerve Message = Action Potentials 3. Transferring message to next cell: - Synaptic Cleft
Axon of Motor Neuron
Terminal
Muscle Fiber
Neuromuscular Junction
Neurotransmitters

11. III. Muscle Physiology– Contraction
A. Overview– Sliding Filament Theory
1. Motor Neuron sends Action Potential
2. Calcium enters Myofibrils
3. Myosin and Actin slide shortening Myofibrils
4. Fibers shorten  muscle shortens = contraction Ca Ca Ca
Piece of Myofibril Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca

12. B. Fiber Contraction Steps: Microscopic Details
1. Motor Neuron sends Action Potential
to Synaptic Vesicles of Axon
a) Acetylcholine is released:
b) Acetylcholine attaches to:
c). Message spreads out to all parts of fibers

13. 2. Calcium enters myofibrils and attaches to proteins within the fibers which affect Myosin and Actin
Neurotransmitters Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca Ca
Figure 6.6

14. Fibers of Motor Unit shorten and Muscle contracts via shortening and
3. Actin and Myosin slide towards eachother then Myofibrils Segments shorten  myofibrils shorten
Fibers of Motor Unit shorten and
Muscle contracts
via shortening and
body part moves
Segment of Myofibril Portion of Muscle Cell (Fiber)
MUSCLE: showing fibers in bundles
MUSCLES: showing Biceps Brachi which attaches to forearm and moves it when it shortens

15. C. Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole
a. Motor Unit:
A muscle has many different motor units
b. Size and Location of Muscle:
Small
Large
c. Force of contraction: number of motor units activated in a muscle
More = stronger contract.

16. D. Energy for Muscle Contraction = ATP
1. Quick Stored Energy: ATP & Creatine Phosphate
2. AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Organelle:
Gas Required:
Exhale:
Speed:
Fat can be used
Efficiency: 36 ATP per 1 Glucose
oxygen
FAT
Glucose + O2  CO2 & H2O & ATP

17. Energy for Muscle Contraction … 3. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
N0 oxygen
Energy for Muscle Contraction … ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
= Anaerobic glycolysis
O2 not used
Speed:
Efficiency: 2 ATP per glucose
Problem: Lactic acid
Oxygen Debt
Cardiac Muscle cannot do
Figure 6.10c

18. E. Muscle Tone =
Different fibers at different times
involuntary control

19. F. Types of Muscle Contractions--Students Do
1. Isotonic vs. Isometric
*Isotonic
*Isometric
Iso = same
Tone = contraction
Metric = length
Isotonic
Isometric

20. F. Effect of Exercise on Muscles
TYPES:
*Aerobic
Heart
Muscle
endurance and
flexibility
*Resistance
Size
Strength