1. III. Government Transparency Laws
Economic interest disclosure under the Political Reform Act
Brown Act
Public Records Act
City of Dublin

2. III. Government Transparency Laws
Public Policy Considerations
Economic Interest Disclosure
Public has right to know public officials’ economic interests that may affect their official decisions
Right to access/information
People have a right to access information that enables them to monitor the functioning of government.
Brown Act
The people have a right to be informed about the conduct of their business, and for deliberations to be conducted and actions to be taken openly.
City of Dublin

3. III. Government Transparency Laws
City of Dublin

4. III. Government Transparency Laws
B. Brown Act
Open Meeting Requirements
Meetings…
Of Legislative Bodies…
Shall be open and public
And all persons shall be permitted to attend any meeting
City of Dublin

5. III. Government Transparency Laws
Legislative Bodies
What is a legislative body?
Governing body
Appointed body
Standing committee
What is not a legislative body?
Ad hoc committee if comprised of less than a quorum
INCLUDES newly elected members
Committees whether permanent or temporary, decision-making or merely advisory. All included.
A Local Governing Body
- Includes newly elected members
A Commission or Committee
- Created by charter, ordinance or formal action of the legislative body
- May be permanent or temporary
Decision-making or advisory
(Ex: Includes the Planning Commission)
Standing committee subject to the Brown Act (irrespective of their composition) include those that have a continuing subject matter jurisdiction OR a meeting schedule fixed by charter, ordinance, resolution, or formal action of a legislative body. These are considered “legislative bodies.”
Boards of private entities which either:
Are created by the legislative body to exercise authority delegated to it or
2) Receive agency funds and whose board includes a member of the legislative body, appointed by legislative body.
City of Dublin

6. III. Government Transparency Laws
B. Brown Act Definition of “Meetings”
A congregation of a majority of members at the same time and place to hear, discuss, or deliberate on an item of business within the agency’s subject matter jurisdiction
Exceptions:
Conferences
Individual contacts
Community meetings
Standing committees
Social or ceremonial occasions
Meetings of other legislative bodies
City of Dublin

7. III. Government Transparency Laws
B. Brown Act— Avoiding “Serial Meetings”
Majority may not, outside a meeting, use a series of communications to discuss, deliberate, or take action on any item of business
Does not prevent employees and officials from engaging in separate conversations outside of a meeting provided that the comments or positions of other members are not communicated
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not be construed as preventing an employee or official of a local agency, from engaging in separate conversations or communications outside of a meeting authorized by this chapter with members of a legislative body in order to answer questions or provide information regarding a matter that is within the subject matter jurisdiction of the local agency, if that person does not communicate to members of the legislative body the comments or position of any other member or members of the legislative body.
City of Dublin

8. III. Government Transparency Laws
B. Brown Act—Avoiding “Serial Meetings”
Examples
Hub and spoke
A staff member (the hub) communicates with members of a legislative body (the spokes) one-by- one for input on a proposed action and in the process reveals members’ position to other members in advance of the meeting.
Daisy chain
In the daisy-chain scenario, Member A contacts Member B, Member B contacts Member C, Member C contacts Member D and so on, until a quorum has discussed, deliberated or taken action on an item within the legislative body’s subject matter jurisdiction. s
Informal nature of communication is ripe for inadvertent Brown Act violations
City of Dublin

9. III. Government Transparency Laws
B. Brown Act
Closed Sessions
Closed session discussions are confidential
Required to publicly report certain actions taken in closed session
Permissible Closed Session Topics:
Real estate negotiations
Personnel
Threatened or existing litigation
Labor negotiations
Public security
Initiation of litigation
City of Dublin

10. III. Government Transparency Laws
B. Brown Act
May take action only on items on posted agenda
Posting requirements:
Regular meetings must be posted 72 hours before meeting
Special meetings must be posted 24 hours before meeting
Exceptions
Emergency
Urgency  need for immediate action came to agency’s attention after posting the agenda
City of Dublin

11. III. Government Transparency Laws
B. Brown Act
Public Participation Rights
Regular meetings must provide an opportunity for the public to speak regarding any matter within the body’s jurisdiction
Legislative body may briefly respond to public, and refer matters to staff, but cannot discuss or take action
Public can address the legislative body on matters on the agenda before or during consideration of the item
City of Dublin

12. III. Government Transparency Laws
B. Brown Act
Public Participation Rights
Public has the right to make audio/video recordings
We can also not require people to sign in. Can ask for voluntary sign in. Paper should specify that signing in is voluntary.
City of Dublin