1. Independence of Causal Influence
Representation
Probabilistic
Graphical
Models
Local Structure
Independence of Causal Influence

2. . . .
Pneu-
monia
Flu TB
Bron-
chitis
Cough

3. . . . Noisy OR CPD X1 X2 Xk Z0 Z1 Z2 Zk Y P(Z0=1) =0 Xi=0
P(Zi=1|Xi) =
Xi=0
Xi=1 Y

4. Independence of Causal InfluenceX1 X2 Xk
. . . Z0 Z1 Z2 Zk Z Y

5. Sigmoid CPD X1 X2 Xk
. . . Z1 Z2 Zk Z Y

6. Behavior of Sigmoid CPD
w0 = -5
multiply w and w0 by 10

7. CPCS # of parameters: 133,931,430 to 8254 M. Pradhan G. Provan
B. Middleton
M. Henrion
UAI 1994
# of parameters:
133,931,430 to 8254