1. Single limb “non-vented” respiratory circuit with an exhalation valve (V) sited at a) the distal end of the inspiratory circuit or b) at the end of a short expiratory limb.
Single limb “non-vented” respiratory circuit with an exhalation valve (V) sited at a) the distal end of the inspiratory circuit or b) at the end of a short expiratory limb. In both cases, the exhalation valve is driven by the ventilator pressure (green line). The black and yellow arrows indicate the direction of inspiratory and expiratory flow, respectively. See the main text for further explanation.
C. Gregoretti et al. breathe 2013;9:
©2013 by European Respiratory Society