1. Authored By Gary Woodsmall-DOR, Pete Kalisky-DOV, John Wsharp-DOT Created 13-Nov-2001 Modifications By Lt Colonel Fred Blundell TX-129 th Fort Worth Senior Squadron Revision 6.0 11-Jan-2014 For Local Training Only

2. This Training Slide Show is a project undertaken by Lt Colonel Fred Blundell of the TX-129 Fort Worth Senior Squadron, Fort Worth, TX for local use to assist those CAP Members interested in advancing their skills. The information contained herein is for CAP Members personal use and is not intended to replace or be a substitute for any of the CAP National Training Programs. Users should review the presentations Revision Number at the end of each file name to ensure that they have the most current publication.

3. Why A Triad? Triad is just a start – Ideally, include all of operations Milk stool analogy – More legs make it safer / stronger Synergistic effect Keeps everyone informed and involved

4. Aircraft Mishap Trends Diminished margins of safety Taxi into obstructions Takeoff / Landing deficiencies Hangar / tie-down carelessness Fuel exhaustion Maintenance Retain a high margin of safety Make ground operations and basic flight proficiency emphasis items Promote good stewardship of our resources Ensure pilots have the necessary flight planning / fuel planning skills, knowledge of FARs and sound judgment

5. Puerto Rico Aircraft Accident 26 Jan 02, C-172P, proficiency flight, two pilots Clear, gusty winds, 5 minutes into flight, 1.5 NM offshore Both pilots felt and heard a snap from the right side Pilot elected to land straight ahead in a swamp No Injuries, but substantial damage to aircraft Inspection revealed failure at corroded portion of cable Was anti-corrosion treatment properly applied? Did pulley shield the cable? Did paint stripper affect the cable? NTSB faulted inadequate maintenance inspections.

9. Triad Implications Be prepared for anything Consider unlikely scenarios Develop a plan

10. Doylestown, PA Aircraft Accident 26 Jan 02, C-172, NJ Cadet solo (28hrs, 1.3 solo) Flight went well until taxiing back to pick up his instructor Noticed a fuel truck parked on the taxiway and approximately 10 cadets walking across the taxiway The pilot stopped the aircraft, allowed the cadets to cross and proceeded to taxi by the fuel truck The right wingtip clipped the trucks side mirror and the aircraft pivoted into the side of the truck – wing was substantially damaged Could the cadets have been a distraction? Why were they on the taxiway? Supervision? NTSB faulted pilot for inadequate taxi clearance

14. Triad Implications Wheres the margin of safety? How big is your bubble? What is supervision?

15. Ocean City, NJ Aircraft Accident 24 Mar 02, C-172, proficiency sortie, two PA Wing pilots (PIC-132 hrs, copilot-279 hrs) Clear, winds 220/10G20, runway 24 PIC unfamiliar with right traffic – lost sight of runway – copilot given control, breaks out and reenters left traffic PIC takes control on final, but gets above glide slope PIC relinquishes PIC status and copilot takes over During landing, aircraft departs right side of runway and enters a marsh - substantial damage to aircraft – no injuries NTSB investigation continues

16. Triad Implications Copilot was forced to do a right seat landing. Possible factor? Can you give up PIC status? Was this PIC thoroughly trained and evaluated?

17. Edenton, NC Aircraft Accident 17 Jul 02, C-172S, CD Mission, Three fatalities Clockwise orbit, maneuvering < 500, 10° flaps During descent, witness heard sputtering At ~120-150, aircraft simultaneously nosed over vertically and commenced a right half roll into the terrain Focus on fuel servo Recommend a review of AD# 2001-06-17 with seasonal adjustments Recommend review of Cessna SB01-11-02, revision to POH and checklist concerning engine idle, idle mixture, hot weather ops / fuel vapor procedures in high DA NTSB investigation continues

19. Triad Implications Why not a forced landing? Why so low? Is the POH misleading? Thought out, well-briefed emergency plan

20. Englewood, CO Aircraft Accident 21 Jul 02, C-182R, Runway 35, wind 030/09 Training while returning from SAREX Pilot flying an ILS under the hood - CFI was safety pilot Everything looked good at 300 agl Bounced, became airborne, drifted off left side of runway Pilot added power and asked CFI to take over CFI brought aircraft back to runway and landed Nose and LMG collapsed – departed left side of runway Damaged left wing, gear, tail and prop NTSB investigation continues

22. Triad Implications IPs – How far is too far? Trend analysis Proficiency – professional volunteers

23. Mission, TX Aircraft Accident 29 Jul 02, C-182Q, AF support mission Tanks fueled to tabs (~66 gal) – flew 1.7hr preposition leg Picked up three passengers – didnt refuel due to passengers Discussed low fuel at takeoff – thought gauges were wrong Flew 2.5hrs to a field with no services – dropped off passengers Took off again for a 30 min flight to an airport with fuel Contacted tower as engine quit short of field During emergency landing, hit a telephone utility box and berm Aircraft flipped over – minor injuries NTSB investigation continues

25. Triad Implications FUI Quality flight planning? Operations outside the familiar envelope

26. Lake City, TN Aircraft Accident 10 Aug 02, Mountain Flying Clinic, VFR Sortie followed half-day ground school Practicing low, left-hand, steep turn, course reversals over sloped terrain in a U-shaped valley Left horizontal stabilizer struck a tree on top of ridge in a nose down, left roll attitude Continued down slope in a left, ~90° bank until coming to rest on nose Steep turn, course reversals considered an emergency maneuver Three fatalities

28. Triad Implications Load of straw Personality types – Anti-authority, Macho? Flight training discipline

29. Mobile, AL Aircraft Accident 12 Aug 02, C-182, ELT mission, VMC conditions Pilot, 75-years-old, Commercial Instrument, 4800 flight hours Observer, 73-years-old Planned a short field approach and landing Collided with approach lighting short of runway Added power and made it to the runway Left horizontal stabilizer and nose wheel pant damaged No injuries NTSB investigation continues

30. Triad Implications Fly the aircraft Crew coordination Ask

31. New Roads, LA Aircraft Accident 31 Aug 02, Cadet Orientation mission, C-182, VMC Pilot, 45-years-old, Commercial/CFI, 985 flight hours Full-flap approach, 60 knots, stall horn, sink rate Power added – Too little, too late Landed hard, 40 short of runway No injuries Landing gear, prop and firewall damaged NTSB investigation continues

32. Southeast Region Conference 2002

33. Triad Implications Landing proficiency is important!

34. Mocksville, NC Aircraft Accident 10 Sep 02, CAPF5 checkride, VMC 68-year-old private pilot (examinee) with 398 hours 47-year-old CFI (check pilot) with 971 hours Forced landing practice to a touch & go landing Direct crosswind 10-14 knots on 2943 x 50 runway Steep approach, long landing Trees listed as hazards on both ends of runway Witnesses say aircraft stalled and collided with trees Aircraft substantially damaged – pilots seriously injured NTSB investigation continues

35. Southeast Region Conference 2002

36. Triad Implications Judgment Go-arounds – a great option ROE during instruction or checkride

37. Where do we go from here? A real commitment to safety from everyone Talking the talk without walking the walk wont work We need to truly care about our people and equipment Continual emphasis – without blood priority Dont look to others without taking action yourself Crosstell solutions – Publicize success stories Disciplined behavior in all we do Prepare your people with knowledge & skill (training) Manage risk with ORM STOP the tragic loss of life

38. Questions? Always Think Safety!