1. MUSCLE
PHYSIOLOGY
REVIEW
1. – 65.

2. 1. Name this protein.
actin

3. 2. Name this specific band.
H Band

4. Fascicle (fasciculus)
3. Name this unit.
Fascicle (fasciculus)

5. Myofiber (muscle cell)
4. Name this unit.
Myofiber (muscle cell)

6. 5. Name this protein.
myosin

7. 6. Name bluish CT layer.
perimysium

8. 7. Name this dark line.
M line

9. 8. Name these specific dark lines.
Z line

10. 9. Name these purple structures.
mitochondria

11. 10. Name this entire structure.
myofiber

12. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
11. Name these blue structures.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum

13. 12. Name these yellow structures.
Transverse tubules

14. 13. Name this unit.
triad

15. 14. Name this entire unit; it is the smallest unit of a muscle contraction (red bracket).
sarcomere

16. 15. Name the cytoplasm inside
sarcoplasm

17. 16. Name this covering.
muscle
epimysium

18. 2 3
17. Which is the crossbridge? 1 4 4

19.
18. Which is in the contacted state? 2

20. 19. What is the name of this myofilament?
actin

21. 20. What is the name of this molecule?
ATP

22. 21. What is the SPECIFIC role of this molecule in muscle contraction
21. What is the SPECIFIC role of this molecule in muscle contraction? Allows myosin to perform a(n)__________ so actin is pulled inward.
power stroke

23. 22. What is the name of the 3 purple protrin complex?
troponin

24. 23. What happens to the width of the A band during contraction?
Stays the same

25. What condition are these muscles in?
hypertrophy

26. 25. What is represented by the green circles in this diagram?
calcium

27. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
26. Where specifically is calcium stored in the muscle?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum

28. 27. What is the name of the gray molecule?
tropomyosin

29. 28. What is the other source for recharging the ATP battery in the muscles? (this compound is unique to muscles)
Creatine phosphate

30. 29. What is the specific function of calcium in a muscle contraction
29.What is the specific function of calcium in a muscle contraction? Calcium ions bind to_________ which causes a change in the conformation of the tropomyosin complex that exposes the myosin binding sites on the actin filament.
troponin.

31. Sliding filament theory
30. What is this known as?
Sliding filament theory

32. 31. What is this set-up called?
Motor unit

33. 32. The products of aerobic respiration are water, ATP, and _____.
Carbon dioxide

34. 33. Name this red area shown by red arrow.
Motor end plate

35. 34. Name this yellow structure of which you see the end of.
Motor neuron

36. 35. Name these blue “containers”.
Synaptic vescicles

37. 36. What is the general name for the compound that is in these blue “containers”.
neurotransmitter

38. 37. Name these structures shown by red arrows.
Transverse tubules

39. Neuromuscular junction
38. Name this entire area shown by bracket.
Neuromuscular junction

40. 39. During the contraction of a sarcomere, calcium ions bind with the protein _____.
troponin

41. 40. This is a graph of a muscle contraction. What is it called?
myogram

42. 41. Name this blue part of a muscle twitch.
Latent period

43. 42. Name this red part of a muscle twitch.
Contraction period
Contraction period

44. 43. What is the bracketed part of this graph representing dealing with a muscle contraction?
Treppe or summation

45. Tetanus (tetanic contraction)
44. What is the bracketed part of this graph representing dealing with a muscle contraction?

46. 45. Choose the type of muscular contraction shown below.
isotonic

47. 46. The reddish brown color of muscle is due to the presence of _____ molecules
myoglobin

48. 47. Which molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt?
Lactic acid

49. 48. Would there be mostly slow twitch or fast twitch fibers in this part of your Thanksgiving Turkey?
Fast twitch

50. 49. The minimum stimulus needed to cause a contraction is called the _____.
Threshold stimulus

51. 50. What type of muscle is found in these structures?
Smooth muscle

52. 51. A large broad sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen or head, that muscles can attach to is called what?
aponeurosis

53. 52. – 57. NAME THE MUSCULAR DISORDER/DISEASE.

54. 52.
state of muscular rigidity that begins 3-4 hours after death and lasts about 24 hours
After death, Ca+2 ions leak out of the SR and allow myosin heads to bind to actin
Since ATP synthesis has ceased, crossbridges cannot detach from actin until proteolytic enzymes begin to digest the decomposing cells.
Rigor mortis

55. an involuntary and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax
53.
an involuntary and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax
cramp

56. 54. a group of muscle-destroying deseases inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait; the muscle shrinks and no longer contracts
Muscular dystrophy

57. 55. This disorder causes extreme muscle fatigue
It is an autoimmune disease - one's own  body makes antibodies against one’s own ACh receptors
Myasthenia gravis

58. 56. A bacteria from undercooked foods  produces a toxin which prevents ACh release at the N-M Junction
The result is no muscle  stimulation and no muscle movement; results in paralysis and death  
botulism

59. 57. This bacterial disease heightens the chemical signal from the nerve to the muscle which causes the muscles to continuously tighten up in a huge continuous contraction or spasm.
tetanus

60. 58. – 65. WRITE WHETHER EACH STATEMENT DESCRIBES SLOW TWITCH OR FAST TWITCH MUSCLES.

61. 58. When your muscles hypertrophy, these are the fibers that get larger. 
fast

62. 59. These are red.
slow

63. 60. These are easily fatigued.
fast

64. 61. These are best in long slow sustained contractions.

65. 62. These have more mitochondria.
slow

66. 63. These would be more prominent in marathon runners than sprinters.
slow

67. 64. These do not have the specialized myoglobin.
fast

68. 65. Would be more numerous in leg muscles that pectoral muscles.
slow

69. MUSCLE
PHYSIOLOGY
REVIEW
THE END