1. Highway Safety Improvement Program
Basic Components

3. HSIP Basic Phases Planning and analysis What should we do?
Implementation
Do it.
Evaluation
Was it successful?

4. Planning and analysis Collect and Maintain data
Identify hazardous locations to prioritize needs
Conduct engineering studies
4) Establish project priorities

5. Planning and analysis 1. Collect and Maintain data
a) Establish Location System … where are the crashes?
Milepost
Reference point
Link-node
Coordinates (GIS)

6. Planning and analysis Collect and Maintain data b) Types of data
Crash data
Forms and databases
Spot maps
Collision diagrams
Traffic data
Volumes, time of day
Classification
Highway system
road types - classification
pavement type and condition
geometric conditions
photologs, etc.

7. Planning and analysis
2) Identify hazardous locations to prioritize needs
Techniques to consider …
accident frequency
accident rate
accident severity
rate-quality control
hazard index
EB ...

8. Planning and analysis Conduct engineering studies
a) Conduct studies to identify contributing causes
speed studies
lane occupancy
sight distance
skid resistance
lighting
traffic control devices
school crossing studies
environment, etc.

9. Planning and analysis c) evaluate cost- effectiveness
Conduct engineering studies
b) Develop Countermeasures
Evaluate cause-effect relationships
Consider accident patterns
c) evaluate cost- effectiveness
Crash costs
National Safety Council
NHTSA
DOT, others
Crash reduction factors (CRF) or Accident Modification Factors (AMF or ARF)
Many sources (with large variations)
Cost effectiveness, B/C, ROR (rate of return), TOR (time of return), NB (net benefit), …

10. Planning and analysis 4) Establish project priorities Strategies
ranking
Incremental benefit-cost,
programming

11. Implementation Initiate the selected programs GANTT charts PERT CPM
MSS/DSS

12. Evaluation a) determine the effect of safety improvements (crashes)
Experimental plan
Before and after study at treatment sites
Before and after study with control sites
Comparative, parallel study
Bayesian probability statistics,
etc.

13. Evaluation b) perform non-accident evaluation
changes in speed
changes in conflicts
other
c) review administrative performance
timely process?
within budget?

14. Highway Safety Improvement Program
Step
Selected issues
Other
1) Data Collection
- Sample selection
- Reference system
- Adequacy of reporting procedures
Strategies: Milepost reference, Link/node, coordinate system with GIS
2) Identify Hazardous locations
Select “criterion” variables (totals, rates, critical rate, weights)
- sections(minimum length)
- spot (intersection/area)
3) Field study of primary sites
geometrics, operations, environment (sight distance, pavement, lighting) and users
4) Develop solution alternatives (counter measures)
- Design/construction?
- Operations/maintenance?
- Driver behavior changes?
Research on crash reduction factors (CRFs)
5) Establish project priorities
Basis:
- Benefit/cost?
- Equity across jurisdictions?
- Few major vs many smaller projects?
Tools: operations research models such as linear, integer or dynamic programming?
6) Schedule and implement
Budget/Cost
7) Evaluate the projects
- Before and after studies
- Proxy variable analysis
Are changes due to regression to the mean?;
Are proxy variables relevant related to safety improvement?

15. Federal (FHWA) Highway Safety Improvement Program
Core program of SAFETEA-LU
Separately funded (Section 148)
Requires Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP)
ID and analyze problems/opportunities
ID projects and strategies
Evaluate accuracy of data
Prioritize improvements
Hazard Elimination Safety (HES) program
section 152
High Risk Rural Roads (HRRR) program
Rail-Highway Grade Crossing program
Section 130