1. 5.2 Mitosis

2. Some Terms You Need to Understand
Chromosome– long strand of DNA
Chromosomes condense at the beginning of Mitosis
DNA will wrap around histones, which condenses it.

3. Chromosome Structure DNA double helix DNA and histones Chromatin
Supercoiled DNA

4. Chromatin—When DNA wraps around histones
Chromatid– 1 half of a duplicated chromosome.
Duplicated chromosome—two sister chromatids joined together at the cnetromere
Centromere—holds sister chromatids together
Telomere—ends of chromosome—keeps chromosome from unraveling and keeps you from losing DNA

5. Types of Cells Germ cells Somatic cells: Become egg and sperm
Body cells—every cell other than sex cells

6. Haploid vs. Diploid Diploid: Haploid:
Contains two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes
Reproduce by mitosis
Makes daughter cells completely identical to parent cells
Skin, blood, muscles
Haploid:
Half the number of chromosomes (n) as diploid
Result from meiosis
Sperm and ova

8. The Beautiful Process Called The Cell Cycle
Interphase prepares the cell to divide
Time for duplication of organelles and DNA replication
2 full sets of DNA that are large enough to divide
G1, Synthesis, G2
G1—after cell division, matures and grows, makes cytoplasm and organelles, carries out normal functions
S—DNA replication
G2—makes all structures needed to survive

10. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes have no nucleus
Divide asexually by binary fission
Chromosome (circular) copies itself and becomes 2x the original size
Cell wall forms between chromosomes and parent cell splits in two
Results in 2 identical daughter cells

12. Other forms of Asexual Reproduction
Budding
Offspring is a growth off of the parent
Bud breaks away from parent
Fragmentation
Parent organism breaks into pieces that develop into offspring
Parthenogenesis
Ovum becomes fertilized—no sperm is present to fertilize—mice, komodo dragons, Burmese pythons, cape bee, freshwater snails, turkeys

13. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
MITOSIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

14. Mitosis PMAT Prophase—chromatin condenses to chromosome.
Nuclear envelop breaks down, nucleolus disappears, centromeres and centrioles start to migrate to opposite sides
Spindle fibers grow from centrioles and radiate to center of cell.

15. PMAT
Metaphase– spindel fibers attach to protein structure on centromere
Align chromosome along the equator of cell

16. PMAT Anaphase—sister chromatids separate
Spindle fibers begin to shorten
This pulls sister chromatids away from each other
They move to opposite sides of the cell

17. PMAT
Telophase—complete set of identical chromosomes are at each pole of the cell
Nuclear membrane starts to form
Chromosomes start to uncoil
Spindle fibers fall apart

18. The Final Part
CYTOKINESIS—divides cytoplasm into 2 cells and goes through the cycle again.

19. Mitosis at a Glance

20. Find the Stage