1. Section 1 The Expansion of Education
Chapter 9
Section 1
The Expansion of Education

2. Fundamental Idea
A democratic society functions best when its citizens can read and write.
Education is necessary for economic and social success.

3. Increase in Public Education
1870– 2% graduation rate
1900– 8.6 graduation rate

4. Changes in Education Longer school year– Nov.—April More colleges
Multi-classroom
Kindergartens added
More communities have high schools
More colleges
Colleges for females
Some vocational classes

5. Why Increase? Pressure from parents for longer school years.
Laws limiting child labor
Immigrants take advantage of FREE school.
Adult immigrants go to night school to learn English.
Compulsory=mandatory education laws

6. Immigrants Experiences
Obtaining literacy-the ability to read and write, was essential to becoming successful for immigrants.
Schools are an important part of assimilating immigrants.

7. Immigrants’ Experiences
Many public schools were using the Protestant (non-Catholic) version of the Bible to teach reading.
School prayers were conducted in Protestant versions.

8. How do immigrants respond?
Parochial schools emerge—schools backed by a religion. Example…Ladywood, DCC, St. Mary…
*How do you think the Nativists respond to this?

9. African American & Minority Schools
Segregated schools
African American and minority schools received less funding =not as nice
Some Native American students were sent east to boarding schools.-Carlisle Academy
Imagine being taken away from your parents and giving up your own language, clothes, and culture.

10. Who do they look like?

11. College Life College enrollment doubles 1890-1910
Still for upper classes
Philanthropists, like Rockefeller (University of Chicago) and the Stanfords (Stanford University), contribute money to begin universities.

12. Women in College Not allowed to attend male colleges
Colleges for females created by male colleges examples…Vassar, Radcliffe, Barnard, Pembroke…
Helen Keller-Radcliffe graduate

13. Women in College
Focused on female classes—home economics, social work, teaching…
A few coed colleges, but women still not treated equally.
MRS degrees for some.

14. African American College Experiences
1890—160 are attending white colleges
Special colleges set up just for African Americans—mostly males attend
Atlanta
Fisk
Howard
Tuskegee
Wilberforce

15. Booker T. Washington
Believed African Americans will achieve equality by proving their economic work.
WORK HARD!!
Graduated from Hampton
Helps start Tuskegee
Whites like him because he is not threatening
Meets with Pres. Roosevelt who is then criticized

16. Booker T. Washington

17. W.E.B.DuBois
Believes the top 10% of African Americans should demand political and social equality as well as civil rights.
Urges African American leaders to earn a liberal arts educational-not vocational.
Graduated from Fisk
First African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard.
Helped found the Niagra Movement.
Becomes a leading member of the NAACP.

18. W.E.B.DuBois
NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Interracial organization that used the court system to try to end discrimination.