1. Tracing Environmental Exposure from Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration 
Amy L. Heffernan, Dominic J. Hare 
Trends in Neurosciences 
Volume 41, Issue 8, Pages (August 2018)
DOI: /j.tins
Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Designing a Neuroexposomic Workflow. ‘Omics’ disciplines can be integrated to measure the effects of chemical exposure (shown here using methylmercury as a classic example). Environmental monitoring of both biotic and abiotic sources traces anthropogenic sources and routes of exposure, ideally indicating when environmental remediation is needed for persistent pollutants, while human biomonitoring assesses the amount of toxicant present in exposed individuals or cohorts at any one time. Metabolomics identifies excretion pathways, including clinical intervention as well as the detection and quantification of blood–brain barrier-permeable species. In the CNS, approaches such as proteomics, lipidomics, and glycomics can be used to identify response factors and markers of neurotoxicity (most informative in postmortem tissue), whereas genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics can predict personalized genetic risk factors and responses. The duration, timing, and degree of exposure can produce a range of neurological effects, with phenomics used to characterize deviation from normal neurological function. Taken together, neuroexposomic workflows feed into the implementation of public health policy, which cycles back to improved environmental monitoring and human biomonitoring as the primary means for limiting exposure. Components of this figure are reproduced in accordance with a Creative Commons CC0 Public Domain Dedication, from the public-domain Protein Data Bank in Europe initiative of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), and from ChemDraw Professional 16 (PerkinElmer Informatics, Inc).
Trends in Neurosciences  , DOI: ( /j.tins )
Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions