1. Study of Hebrews
Lesson 1

2. Authorship
The most debated book as far as authorship, place, date, etc. goes in the NT
Origen ( AD) wrote, “God alone knows who wrote Hebrews”
Even by the end of the 1st century, there was no clear consensus on authorship of Hebrews

3. Authorship
The KJV names it “The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews”, but this was more a guess than anything else
Paul is probably the favored choice by most scholars and non-scholars alike

4. Authorship
The text does contain some clues as to the author’s identity
Hebrews 2:3-4 – Author either an eyewitness or familiar with those who walked with Jesus
In Hebrews 13:7, the author seems to place himself in the 2nd generation of gospel preachers
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.

5. Authorship Arguments for Pauline authorship
Most early church writers attribute it to Paul, or at least say it could have been Paul
Timothy is mentioned in Hebrews 13:23
Ends with Paul’s “classic closing” – “Grace be with you”
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.

6. Authorship Arguments against Pauline authorship
Does not identify himself as author
Style, grammar, vocabulary, and subject matter is much different than any other Pauline letters in the NT
Timothy is called “brother” – not “son”
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.

7. Date and Place
Pro-Paul authorship places it written from Rome towards the end of his life (62-64 AD)
Given that the book is so heavily influenced by Jewish trappings, yet the destruction of the Temple isn’t mentioned, most place its authorship pre-70 AD
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.

8. Audience
While there’s no “To:” line in Hebrews, it’s clear from the text that the book was written to Jewish Christians who were seriously considering “going back” to the Mosaic Law instead of following Jesus
Hebrews 2:1-3a, 3:12-14, 4:14
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.

9. Purpose
An open letter to Jewish Christians who were contemplating returning to the Old Law instead of maintaining their faith is Jesus
Compares Old Covenant things to their New Covenant “mirrors” and shows how the NC things are far superior
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.

10. Doctrinal Application
We’re not Jews contemplating a return to the Old Law, so how does it benefit us?
It still demonstrates the superiority of the New Covenant to the Old
One constant between the two covenants is faith
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.

11. Outline The basis of Christ’s superiority (1:1-10:18)
II. Practicality of Christ’s Superiority (10:19-10:25)
III. Perseverance and Faithful Endurance (10:26-13:17)
IV. Concluding Instructions (13:18-25)
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.

12. Key Verses Hebrews 2:9 Hebrews 4:12-13 Hebrews 11:1, 6 Hebrews 12:1-2
Compass with highlights
Select the donut. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
(Advanced)
In the Shape Height box, enter 4.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 4.67”.
To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:
Drag the center yellow diamond adjustment handle to the left, to decrease the width of the donut.
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Diamond (first row, seventh option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a diamond.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill, and then do the following:
Select the diamond. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 6.4”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.66”.
In the Transparency box, enter 15%.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Radial.
Click the button next to Direction and then click From Center.
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 0%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Select the donut. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
Press CTRL-A to select all of the shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
In the Transparency box, enter 0%.
Select the second stop in the slider, and then do the following:
Click Align to Slide.
Click Align Center.
Click Align Middle.
To reproduce the text on this slide, do the following:
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter North in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Agency FB from the Font list, enter 22 in the Font Size box, click Bold, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
In the Brightness box, enter -10%.
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then in the Line Color pane, select No line.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
Select the diamond. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Very Loose.
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90˚.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Up (first option from the left).
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Drag the “North” text box to position it at the top of the donut.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Tan, Background 2, Darker 25% (third row, third option from the left).
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut. If the text is still not curved enough, drag the blue adjustment handles to adjust the size of the text box, then drag the text box on the slide to reposition it on the compass.
In the Transparency box, enter 50%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a triangle.
Select the “North” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete North, and enter West.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Rotate Left 90⁰.
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.33”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 3.2”.
Drag the “West” text box onto the left side of the donut.
Drag the pink diamond adjustment handle to adjust the text to match the curvature of the donut.
Click in the duplicate text box, delete West, and enter South.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Transform, and then under Follow Path, click Arch Down (second option from the left).
Drag the “South” text box onto the bottom of the donut.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then click Flip Horizontal.
Select the “South” text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click in the duplicate text box, delete South, and enter East.
Click Align Selected Objects.
Click Align Top.
Drag the “East” text box onto the right side of the donut.
Click Align Left.
Select the triangle. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow to the right of Copy, and then click Duplicate.
Press and hold CTRL and select the “North” and “South” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Select the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Rotate, and then do the following:
Click Flip Vertical.
Click Flip Horizontal.
Press and hold CTRL and select the duplicate diamond and the duplicate triangle. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Press and hold CTRL and select the “East” and “West” text boxes and the donut shape. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:
Click Align Bottom.
Click Align Right.
Press CTRL-A and then select the duplicate diamond and the triangle shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Group.
To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:
Select the group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Send to Back.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left).
Select the circle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:
Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).
In the Shape Height box, enter 0.67”.
In the Shape Width box, enter 0.67”.
On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill. In the Fill pane, select Solid fill. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors, click Tan, Background 2, Darker 10% (second row, third option from the left).
Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then in the 3-D Format pane, do the following:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel, click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 11 pt, and in the Height box, enter 11 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Warm Matte (second option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral, click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 130°.
In the Position box, enter 100%.
On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes, click Donut (third row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a donut.