1. Rise of Cities

2. Immigrants settle in cities
Cheap places to live
Unskilled labor jobs
Twice as many Irish in New York than Dublin
Americanization Movement
Schools taught Immigrants
Many didn’t abandon tradition
Ethnic communities

3. Immigrants settle in cities
Ellis Island
Angel Island
Nativism
Anti-Asian Sentiment

4. Migration From country to Cities
Farming Technology forces out labor
African Americans move North

5. Housing
Cramped room or house on outskirts
Row houses
Tenements

6. Transportation Mass Transit Street Cars (San Fran)
Electric subways (Boston)
Struggle to meet demand

7. Sanitation Horse Manure Sewage in gutters Factory pollution
Trash dumped

8. Crime and Fire Pickpockets, thieves flourished
New York first full time police force
Lack of water
Wood dwellings
Candles and kerosene
Firefighters volunteer
Full time fire fighters by 1900