2. Immunity
New particles take longer to identify, and a person remains ill until a new antibody can be crafted
Old particles are quickly recognized, and a person may never become ill from that invader again.
This person is now immune.

3. Innate (VS) Acquired

5. First Type of Acquired Immunity: Active Immunity
You produce the antibodies
Your body has been exposed to the antigen in the past either through:
Exposure to the actual disease causing antigen – You fought it, you won, you remember it
Planned exposure (Vaccine) to a form of the antigen that has been killed or weakened – You detected it, eliminated it, and remember it
MEMORY CELLS

6. Second Type of Acquired Immunity Passive Immunity
You don’t produce the antibodies
A mother will pass immunities on to her baby during pregnancy - through what organ?
Thymus
Placenta
Placenta
Breastmilk
Why doesn’t the mother just pass on the WBCs that “remember” the antigens?
Passed on by the Mother

7. Antibiotics
Antibiotics: Work inside the body to kill bacteria that cause diseases by damaging the bacterial cells .
Do NOT work on viruses, because they live inside a body cell.

8. Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic Resistance: Some bacteria mutate by natural selection and become resistant to the antibiotic.

9. Vaccine
The bacteria or virus have been killed or weakened, in the vaccine, minimal symptoms occur.
Antigens are deliberately introduced into the immune system to produce immunity
Have eradicated or severely limited several diseases from the face of the Earth, such as polio and smallpox.

10. Body responds by producing antibodies a form of active immunity.
Instead of the entire microbe, subunit vaccines include only the antigens.
Body responds by producing antibodies a form of active immunity.

11. Types of Vaccines Live, Attenuated (weakened) Vaccines:
Contain a version of the living microbe that has been weakened in the lab so it can’t cause disease.
Because a live, attenuated vaccine is the closest thing to a natural infection, these vaccines are good “teachers” of the immune system: They elicit strong cellular and antibody responses and often confer lifelong immunity with only one or two doses.
Inactivated Vaccines:
Scientists produce inactivated vaccines by killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat, or radiation.

12. How Vaccines Work
Create protective antibodies that are on the lookout for pathogens.
When they come across a pathogen, they activate cells to attack the pathogen right away.
Booster shots are used as reminders for your body to always stay on guard.
It is a safe controlled way to build immunity, so if in the future if the real pathogen ever shows up, your body will recognize it and keep that shows of immunity up for the rest of its life

13. How long does active immunity last?
It depends on the antigen
Some disease-causing bacteria multiply into new forms that our body doesn’t recognize, requiring annual vaccinations, like the flu shot
Booster shot - reminds the immune system of the antigen
Others last for a lifetime, such as chicken pox

14. First Vaccine

15. Smallpox

16. Mumps
Rubella
German Measles
Chicken pox

17. Vaccine
Active Immunity

18. Which substances may form in the human body due to invaders entering the blood?
A) nutrients
B) vaccines
C) Red Blood Cells
D) antibodies

19. An organism develops active immunity as a result of-
I) manufacturing its own antigens
2) producing antibodies in response to a vaccination
3) receiving an injection of antibodies produced by another organism
4) receiving an injection of a dilute glucose solution

20. Newborn infants nursing from their mother receive milk containing antibodies against diseases to which the mother is immune. The infants, however, remain immune to those diseases for only a short time. This situation is an example of-
A) active immunity
B) an oral vaccine
C) passive immunity
D) a phagocytic activity

21. Your body produces antibodies.
An individual who has had small pox rarely gets this disease again. This situation is an example of
A) biological control
B) active immunity
C) negative feedback
D) passive immunity
Your body produces antibodies.

22. D-genetic engineering
2. In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term BEST describes Jenner’s treatment for smallpox? 
A-vaccination
B-gene therapy
C-chemotherapy
D-genetic engineering

23. Bell Ringer # 1
After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?
A. The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
B. The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.
C. The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.
D. The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.

24. “Super Bugs” Many pathogens are building up resistance to antibiotics.
Superbugs can enter a patient through surgical wounds and catheters, including IVs. Uncontrolled, they continue to move throughout the body, attacking a person's organs.

25. Flesh Eating Bacteria
Necrotizing fasciitis

27. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Discovered in 1983
Specifically targets and kills T-cells
Because normal body cells are unaffected, immune response is not launched.

28. AIDS ~The Modern Plague~
The HIV virus doesn’t kill you – it cripples your immune system
With your immune system shut down, common diseases that your immune system normally could defeat become life-threatening
Can show no effects for several months all the way up to 10 years

29. AIDS ~The Silent Spread~
Transmitted by sexual contact, blood transfusions, contaminated needles

30. People with AIDS are unable to fight multiple infections because the virus that causes AIDS
A) weakens their immune systems
B) produces antibodies in their blood
C) attacks muscle tissue
D) kills pathogens

31. Which statement best describes how a vaccination can help
protect the body against disease?
A) Vaccines directly kill the pathogen that causes the
disease.
B) Vaccines act as a medicine that cures the disease.
C) Vaccines cause the production of specific molecules
that will react with and destroy certain microbes.
D) Vaccines contain white blood cells that engulf harmful
germs and prevent them from spreading throughout the body.

32. The purpose of introducing weakened microbes into the
body of an organism is to stimulate the
A) production of living microbes that will protect the
organism from future attacks
B) production of antigens that will prevent infections
from occurring
C) immune system to react and prepare the organism to
fight future invasions by these microbes
D) replication of genes that direct the synthesis of
hormones that regulate the number of microbes

33. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen when an individual receives a vaccination containing a weakened pathogen?
1) The ability to fight disease will increase due to antibodies received from the pathogen.
2) The ability to fight disease caused by the pathogen will increase due to antibody production.
3) The ability to produce antibodies will decrease after the vaccination.
4) The ability to resist most types of diseases will increase

34. An injection containing weakened forms of a disease causing organism will usually trigger
A) absorption of histamines throughout the body
B) secretion of antigens by lymphocytes
C) production of temporary resistance to the disease
D) production of antibodies providing active immunity