1. UNDERSTANDING DRUGS AND MEDICINCES
7/25/2015

2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DRUG AND A MEDICINE?
7/25/2015
DRUGS
Drugs are substances that cause a change in a person’s physical and/or psychological state.
Medicines are drugs that are used to cure, prevent, or treat illnesses or discomfort.
MEDICINES
ALL MEDICINES ARE DRUGS. ALL DRUGS ARE NOT MEDICINES.

3. What are some common side effects of medicines?
What is a Side Effect?
An effect caused by a drug other then the intended effect
7/25/2015
What are some common side effects of medicines?
headaches, sleepiness, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, vomiting

4. Prescription Drugs Over-the-counter (OTC) Drugs
A specific medicine ordered by a doctor in writing
7/25/2015
Over-the-counter
(OTC) Drugs
Medicines that can be bought without a prescription

5. Why do we need a prescription for certain drugs?
7/25/2015
Stronger then OTC drugs
More serious side effects
May interfere with other drugs
Easy to become addicted to
Who regulates prescription drugs?
FDA
(Food & Drug Administration)

6. Prescription Medicines
7/25/2015
What information does a prescription have?
The medication
The dose
When you should take the medicine
How often you should take the medicine
The length of time you should take the medicine

7. People often think that prescription and OTC drugs are safer than illegal drugs, but that’s only true when they are taken exactly as prescribed and for the purpose intended.
When abused, prescription and OTC drugs can be addictive and put abusers at risk for other adverse health effects, including overdose - especially when taken along with other drugs or alcohol.
7/25/2015

8. Prescription Drug Abuse
7/25/2015
Legal medicines with legitimate uses can be abused, meaning they're taken by someone other than the patient or in a manner or dose other than what's recommended.
Some of the most commonly abused prescription drugs:
**VIDEO oxycontin – OPTIONAL video is about 7:30
Vicodin/Hydrocodone Valium
Xanax Ambien
Adderall Oxycontin

9. Prescription Drug Abuse Effects
7/25/2015
Abusing opioids like oxycodone and codeine can cause you to feel sleepy, sick to your stomach, and constipated. At higher doses, opioids can make it hard to breathe properly and can cause overdose and death.
Abusing stimulants like Adderall or Ritalin can make you feel paranoid (feeling like someone is going to harm you even though they aren’t). It also can cause your body temperature to get dangerously high and make your heart beat too fast. This is especially likely if stimulants are taken in large doses or in ways other than swallowing a pill.
Resource: National Institute on Drug Abuse

10. Prescription Drug Abuse Effects
7/25/2015
Abusing depressants like barbiturates can cause slurred speech, shallow breathing, sleepiness, disorientation, and lack of coordination. People who abuse depressants regularly and then stop suddenly may experience seizures. At higher doses depressants can also cause overdose and death, especially when combined with alcohol.
Resource: National Institute on Drug Abuse

11. Prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are, after marijuana and alcohol, the most commonly abused substances by Americans 14 and older.
7/25/2015

12. Prescription Drug Abuse Treatment
7/25/2015
The two main categories of drug addiction treatment are behavioral and pharmacological.
Behavioral treatments help patients stop drug use by teaching them strategies to function without drugs, deal with cravings, avoid drugs and situations that could lead to drug use, and handle a relapse should it occur.
Individual counseling
Group or family counseling
Contingency management
Cognitive behavioral therapies
Resource: National Institute on Drug Abuse

13. Prescription Drug Abuse Treatment
7/25/2015
The two main categories of drug addiction treatment are behavioral and pharmacological.
Some addictions, such as opioid addiction, can be treated with medications. These pharmacological treatments counter the effects of the drug on the brain and behavior, and can be used to relieve withdrawal symptoms, help overcome drug cravings, or treat an overdose. Although a behavioral or pharmacological approach alone may be sufficient for treating some patients, research shows that a combined approach may be best.
Resource: National Institute on Drug Abuse

14. What do the following types of common medications do for our body?
7/25/2015
What do the following types of common medications do for our body?

15. Analgesics
7/25/2015
Relieve pain

16. Antihistamines
7/25/2015
Block the action of the chemical, HISTAMINE, which causes allergy symptoms

17. Work against stomach acids that cause heartburn
Antacids
7/25/2015
Work against stomach acids that cause heartburn

18. Antibiotics
7/25/2015
Drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms
Common antibiotics:
Penicillin
Streptomycin
Amoxicillin

19. How do drugs enter your body?
7/25/2015

20. What is the difference between a generic medicine and a brand name medicine?
7/25/2015
Generic drugs are made by a company other than the company that developed the original medicine.
They are chemically identical to the original drug and have the same active ingredients.
The difference may be in the inactive ingredients, things that give the pill its shape, color, and size.

21. What are drug interactions?
7/25/2015
Occur when drugs react with another drug, food or dietary supplement
Could increase or decrease
the effect of a drug
What would be an example of a food interacting with a drug?
Example given on next slide

22. 7/25/2015

23. What is the most serious allergic reaction called and what are the symptoms of it?
7/25/2015
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
Affects the entire body including itching all over, swelling, especially in the mouth and throat, wheezing or difficulty breathing, pounding heart, fainting and unconsciousness
Allergy reactions can range from
very mild to life threatening.

24. What type of allergies do you suffer from?
7/25/2015