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Introduction to Nutrition for Exercise and Health
chapter 1 Physiology of Aerobic & Anaerobic Exercise Introduction to Nutrition for Exercise and Health Prof Jennifer Broxterman, RD, MSc FN3373: Nutrition for Physical Activity Lecture 2 Author name here for Edited books
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What Fuels Physical Activity?
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ATP
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Hydrolysis of ATP
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ATP & Energy Use by Exercising Muscles
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Rephosphorylation of ADP to Form ATP
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Energy Systems that Replenish ATP
Creatine Phosphate Anaerobic Glycolysis ATP Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Characteristics of the 3 Energy Systems
Speed of Action Amount of ATP Replenished Duration of Action Creatine Phosphate Very Fast Very Small Very Short Anaerobic Glycolysis Fast Small Short Oxidative Phosphorylation Very Slow Large Very Long
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Energy System 1 Creatine Phosphate
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Creatine Phosphate Energy System
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The CrP Energy System Rephosphorylates ADP to ATP Rapidly
Anaerobic reaction If [ATP] in a muscle ↓ there is an accompanying ↑ in ADP in the cell ↑ in the activity of CK, allowing the reaction to proceed faster CrP is stored in very small amounts At very high-intensity exercise it takes ~ 5-10 seconds for CrP in the muscle to be depleted and fatigue to set in
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Characteristics of the CrP Energy System
One chemical step Catalyzed by creatine kinase (CK) Very fast reaction One ATP per CrP molecule 5-10 second duration Anaerobic Fatigue associated with CrP depletion Predominant energy system in very high-intensity exercises (power events)
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Creatine Phosphate & ADP Rephosphorylation
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The Creatine Shuttle
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Energy System 2 Anaerobic Glycolysis
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2 Pyruvic Acid molecules
Glucose GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules Anaerobic Metabolism Aerobic Metabolism If Oxygen is Present If Oxygen is Absent 36-38 ATP Lactic Acid CO2 + H2O
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The Anaerobic Glycolysis Energy System
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Anaerobic Glycolysis
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Cori Cycle
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Energy System 3 Oxidative Phosphorylation
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2 Pyruvic Acid molecules
Glucose GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules Anaerobic Metabolism Aerobic Metabolism If Oxygen is Present If Oxygen is Absent 36-38 ATP Lactic Acid CO2 + H2O
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Cellular Respiration Overview
C6H12O O CO H2O + Energy (glucose) (heat and ATP) The energy in one molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP Aerobic respiration involves a series of 3 reactions: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain
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Glycolysis
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Oxidative Phosphorylation Energy System
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Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain of Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Macronutrients as Fuel Sources during Exercise
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Beta Oxidation
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Respiratory Exchange Ratio
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Respiratory Exchange Ratio
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Respiratory Exchange Ratio
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RER Chart
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