1. The protons are combined with the electrons and oxygen….Pi

2. ….to form a molecule of waterH A Pi

3. In the absence of oxygen, there is a build up of hydrogen atomsPi

4. The NADH/H+ and FADH2 will not be reoxidised as they will no longer be able to release the Hydrogen they are carrying H H+ H H H H+ H H A Pi H+ H+

5. NAD
The NADH/H+ and FADH2 will not be reoxidised as they will no longer be able to release the Hydrogen they are carrying H H H+ H H H H+ H H A Pi H+ H+

6. NAD
This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. H H H+ H H H H+ H H A Pi H+ H+

7. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.

8. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.

9. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H+ directly in animals

10. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H+ directly in animals

11. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H+ directly in animals

12. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H+ directly in animals

13. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H+ directly in animals

14. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD
The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H+ directly in animals

15. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD
The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H+ directly in animals and forms lactic acid.

16. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD
A considerable amount of energy is trapped in the lactic acid.

17. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO2

18. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO2

19. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO2

20. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO2

21. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+ and forms ethanol

22. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+ and forms ethanol

23. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+ and forms ethanol

24. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+ and forms ethanol

25. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+ and forms ethanol

26. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+ and forms ethanol

27. This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.
NAD H H+
A considerable amount of energy is trapped in the ethanol

28. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:
Glucose

29. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:
Glucose pyruvate

30. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:
Glucose pyruvate lactic acid

31. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:
Glucose pyruvate lactic acid
In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide

32. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:
Glucose pyruvate lactic acid
In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
Glucose

33. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:
Glucose pyruvate lactic acid
In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
Glucose pyruvate

34. In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:
Glucose pyruvate lactic acid
In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
Glucose pyruvate ethanol + CO2