1. A multimodal infection control and patient safety intervention to reduce surgical site infections in Africa: a multicentre, before–after, cohort study 
Benedetta Allegranzi, MD, Alexander M Aiken, PhD, Nejla Zeynep Kubilay, MD, Peter Nthumba, MD, Jack Barasa, MD, Gabriel Okumu, MD, Robert Mugarura, MD, Alexander Elobu, MD, Josephat Jombwe, MD, Mayaba Maimbo, MD, Joseph Musowoya, MD, Angèle Gayet- Ageron, MD, Prof Sean M Berenholtz, MD 
The Lancet Infectious Diseases 
Volume 18, Issue 5, Pages (May 2018)
DOI: /S (18)
Copyright © 2018 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Characteristics of the four participating hospitals and activities implemented during the intervention
Due to unforeseen local difficulties, one site (Zimbabwe) was unable to recruit adequate numbers of patients and was not included in the analysis. SSI=surgical site infection. SUSP=Surgical Unit-based Safety Programme. CUSP=Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Programme. *Support materials related to the technical SSI preventive measures are available at (see appendix). †Materials from the CUSP study used in this project are available at
The Lancet Infectious Diseases  , DOI: ( /S (18) )
Copyright © 2018 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Unadjusted SSI cumulative incidence overall and by site at baseline and follow-up in four sites
Error bars show 95% CIs. SSI=surgical site infection.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases  , DOI: ( /S (18) )
Copyright © 2018 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions