1. River Valley Civilizations
(Excluding the 1st: Mesopotamia)

2. Ancient Egypt (2,700 -1,075 B.C.E)
Ancient Egypt was located along the Nile River
Ancient Egyptian history was divided into 2 time periods
Old Kingdom (2, B.C.E)
New Kingdom (1,570-1,075 B.C.E)
Egyptian cities contained thousands of specialized workers and slaves
Memphis-capital during Old Kingdom
Thebes-capital during New Kingdom

3. Ancient Egypt The Egyptian religion was polytheistic.
Religion was based around the Pharaoh (God-King)-people worshiped them.
This created a theocracy-government based upon religion
Giant Pyramids built as tombs for Pharaohs (Kings)
Egyptians mummified their dead Pharaohs
Included gold and other valuables for the afterlife in their tombs

4. Ancient Egypt Egyptians developed record keeping:
Hieroglyphics-The ancient Egyptian writing system (Pictograms that stood for ideas and sounds)
They inscribed Hieroglyphs on clay tablets or on Papyrus reeds

5. Ancient Egypt The Egyptians developed many innovations:
Medicine-the first people to perform surgeries and give medicines.
Geometry & Architecture-Giant pyramids built
Solar Calendar-1st one developed (365 Day)
Irrigation Systems w/ Cataracts (dams)

6. The Emergence of Empires
Around 1700 B.C.E several human migrations began to take place.
Some of these people began conquering foreign cities and civilizations, creating the world’s first empires.
Empire-a collection of peoples or territories controlled centrally by an emperor.
Centralization-the act of bringing many together.

7. The Egyptians Build an Empire
During the New Kingdom, the Egyptians extended their control over thousands of miles.
Under pharaohs such as Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Ramses II Egypt was built up.
Valley of Kings was built during this time.

8. The Hittite Empire (1650-1190 B.C.E)
Around 1650 B.C.E., a group of Indo-Europeans called the Hittites formed an empire in Anatolia, modern-day Turkey.
The Hittites were war-like and used iron weapons and shields.
They used horse-drawn chariots to conquer their subjects.
They conquered Mesopotamia and won many battles against the Egyptians.

9. Review Can you give me 2 similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism?
Can you give me 2 differences?
What was the primary belief behind Confucianism?

11. History-1/20 Label on your Map I from last week:
Shade/Outline and Label these items: The Qin and Han (187) Dynasties, The Persian Empire (87), The Mauryan and Gupta Empires (191).
Include these as well:
Persepolis
Silk Road (187)

12. History-8/10
What did Chinese dynasties have to claim in order to become the new ruling dynasty?
What was the main belief behind Confucianism?
Look up the term Legalism on page 106 in your book. How is this philosophy different from Confucianism? Which do you think is a better way to rule society? Explain.

13. Palestine (2,000-600 B.C.E) The Phoenicians
Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea
Great traders all across the Mediterranean
Dye, weapons, metals, ivory, etc.
Traveled in large ships
Created the world’s first Alphabet

14. Phoenician Alphabet

15. Palestine (2,000-600 B.C.E) The Hebrews
Developed the world’s first monotheistic religion (Judaism)-Jewish
Homeland became Israel
Abraham-father of Judaism
Moses-wrote the Ten Commandments
The Torah-First 5 books of the Old Testament

16. What do you need to create an Empire?

17. Creating your own Ancient Empire
Look at your map
Land: On your own paper, explain what parts of that map you would want to conquer to make a part of your new empire. Make sure to give specifics into why you would conquer that part of the map. Must conquer at least 5 different chunks of land/civilizations. (Draw out you empire on your paper)
Capital: What city will be your capital? Why? What type of buildings will you build to make this city magnificent?
Structure of Cities:
Government: How are you going to govern all this land and all these different groups of people? How will you avoid conflicts from different cultures?
Military: How are you going to organize your military? (how many troops, where will they be stationed, will you have a navy? Cavalry? Etc.)
Economy: What is your economy going to be based on? How do you keep a steady amount of money flowing throughout your empire?
Religion, Education, Language

19. How the Egyptians Built the Pyramids
You come up with your theory
Great Pyramid-Khufu (500 ft. tall)
2.3 million blocks
Each block weighs 15 tons
The blocks are a mile away from the building site
Ancient tools, no advanced technology
How did they do it?

20. Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan Civ. (2500-1500 B.C.E)
The Indus Valley Civilization thrived along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan
Historians mark these people as the first civilization in Ancient India.
Cities were built on a grid system with oven-baked bricks and high walls (to protect from Indus flooding and monsoon winds)
Cities included plumbing and sewage systems
Mohenjo-Daro
Harappa

21. Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan Civ.
Harappan culture included a written language (has not been translated)
Symbols were in scripted on stone seals
Religion was polytheistic
Priests guided daily life (Theocracy)
Trade was a part of everyday life
Often transported valuable goods like copper to Sumer

22. Indus Valley Taken Over by Aryans (1500 B.C.E)
Aryans from North of India invaded and conquered the Indus Valley around 1500 B.C.E
Aryans established a Caste System
Brahmins at the top
Hinduism religion developed
Polytheistic
Re-incarnation
Karma

23. Buddhism Develops
Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)-developed Buddhism in the 500s B.C.E
Searched for enlightenment, or wisdom to end suffering
The Four Noble Truths
Desire causes suffering
Eightfold Path/Middle Way
Nirvana-release from selfishness and pain.

24. Chinese Dynasties
Ancient China was characterized by dynasties-series of rulers from same family
The Zhou Dynasty was one of the earliest ( B.C.E)
Farmers btw. Huang He and Chiang Jiang Rivers
Developed the Mandate of Heaven-the gods’ approval to rule
Dynastic Cycle

25. Confucianism Develops
Confucius ( B.C.E)-China’s greatest philosopher
Developed a moral code to live by.
Five Relationships
Filial Piety-respect for parents and ancestors
Stressed education
Created a bureaucracy, or trained civil service for the government.
Based on an Exam System (merit)

26. History-8/11
If you have any last details to add to your Dynasty Diagram, do it now.
Take time afterwards to study for quiz.
I will be coming around to check your maps.

27. Forging An Empire!
With your group, draw the lands you are going to conquer. Use your maps you completed to give you ideas.
How are you going to govern your empire (structure).
Come up with as many ideas on how your empire can become the strongest and remain stable the longest.
You will be competing against other empires later in class.
The more details and more advanced ideas you come up with, the better chance you have at winning the competition.

28. The Qin Dynasty ( B.C.E)
Founded by Shi Huangdi, “First Emperor.”
Unified China through conquest
Harsh ruler; centralized autocracy
Legalism
Burned Confucian texts
Built the Great Wall of China

29. The Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E-220 C.E.)
Expanded under Emperor Wudi, “The Martial Emperor”
Increased trade by building silk roads across China
Created a Bureaucracy with civil service jobs
Examination System based upon Confucianism
Spread Chinese thought
Technology (paper)

30. Ancient China (2, B.C.E)
The ancient Chinese thrived in between the Huang He (Yellow) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) Rivers
These rivers flooded violently
Geographically isolated from outsiders
Great Wall of China

31. Ancient China
Chinese Dynasties (rulers from the same family over time) ruled Ancient China
1st. Xia Dynasty
2nd. Shang Dynasty
3rd. Zhou Dynasty
4th: Qin Dynasty
5th: Han Dynasty
Feudalism-system in which nobles (lords) are granted land in exchange for military service and loyalty to the King.
Mandate of Heaven-approval from gods to rule (new dynasties/rulers had to have this)
Confucianism-philosophy developed in the 6th Century B.C.E that emphasized respect for elders (Filial Piety)

32. Ancient China Early Chinese religion was polytheistic
Ancient Chinese writing included pictograms/symbols
Each character represented a different unit of language
Over 10,000 characters
No link between spoken language and writing system
Innovations included:
Roads & Canals
Silk
Cast Iron tools & weapons
Coined money

33. The Persian Empire (550-330 B.C.E)
Founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 B.C.E
Largest ancient empire
Began in modern-day Iran and spread east and west.
Conquered the Babylonians, Egyptians, Indus, Turkey, and parts of Greece.
Darius-built up the empire
Royal Road-trade and communication network
Standarized Coins-1st to do this
Satraps-governors who ruled different parts of the empire
Tolerant to other cultures
Zoroastrianism-the Persian religion based on good v. evil
Strong military with infantry, cavalry, and navy

34. History-8/15
Test Today!!
Staple your Vocab and/or questions to your Unit 1 Organizer. Make sure your name is on it.
Do you remember these answers?
1. The Persian Empire originated in what modern-day country?
2. How did the Persians govern their empire? List 3 things.
3. The emperor most responsible for spreading Buddhism across the Mauryan Empire was _____.
4. What was the Gupta most remembered for in India’s history? What religion did they re-establish?

35. The Mauryan Empire The Mauryan Empire India’s First major empire
Chandragupta Maurya united India by 303 B.C.E and created the Mauryan Empire.
Asoka-Maurya’s grandson became India’s greatest king and spread Buddhism across the Mauryan Empire.
Religious Toleration
Created provincial governors to rule.

36. The Gupta Empire- 335-535 C.E Founded by Chandra Gupta
“Golden Age” experienced profit from trade and achievements in the arts, science, and religious thought.
Created the value of zero
Expanded Hinduism
Skilled in Astronomy