1. The Roman Empire
Chapter 11.4

2. Rule of Augustus Octavian – took the name of Augustus
He was the first ‘emperor’ of the empire
Pater Patriae – “Father of the Country”
Rome was a Republic in name only
Augustus knew the Romans would not accept one person rule
So, he restored the Republic in form but not practice
Augustus held high offices of consul, tribune, high priest, and senator at the same time
He made every soldier swear allegiance to him not Rome

3. Accomplishments of Augustus
He maintained peace
Provided a stable government – 41 years
Reformed the administration of the Provinces
Established fair taxes
Developed trade and industry
Encourage science and art
Constructed road and buildings “…from a city of brick to a city of marble”
Freedmen – former slaves; Augustus allowed them to take part in government
Census – population count

4. Pax Romana ‘Peace of Rome’ 200 years of prosperity for the Roman World
This began with Augustus
No tariffs - taxes on imported goods
Roman Law
Everyone is equal under the law
Innocent until proven guilty
The accuser had to prove the case
Standardized – all legal procedures were the same throughout the empire
Juris Prudentes – special lawyers and legal writers who developed the laws that would be fair to Romans citizens and non-Romans alike

5. Daily Life Domus Island Rome (city)
House with marble walls, mosaic floors, glass windows, heat and running water
Island
Apartment houses
6 stories high; dirty and overcrowded
Eviction Day – July 1st – anyone who did not pay rent would be forced out
Rome (city)
Population of 1 million
Traffic, pollution, crime, not enough jobs or houses

6. Family Leisure activities Father head of the family
Arranged marriages to increase wealth
Schools – the rich had better education than the poor
Leisure activities
Public Bathhouse – gyms, stadiums, libraries, lectures, and music
Public Games – staged by the government – circuses, chariot races, gladiatorial games
Circus Maximus – oval arena built for chariot races – held 250,000 people
Colosseum – 50,000 people – held the gladiatorial games

7. Roman Emperors Augustus – 1st Roman Emperor (27 BC – 14 AD)
Brought peace and stability
Marcus Aurelius ( AD)
Concerned with the peoples welfare
Good ruler; philosopher
His death ended the Pax Romana
Diocletian ( AD)
Son of a freedman
Rule by Divine Right – emperor’s power and right to rule came from the Gods not people
Split the empire into two and ruled the eastern part because it was richer
Too big for one person to rule as one empire

8. Constantine (312-337 AD) End of the Empire
Moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople
Villas – country estates of wealthy landowners
Like small individual kingdoms
End of the Empire
Adrianople – 378 Germanic Tribe s defeated the Roman Legions
Huns – nomadic herders from Mongolia who moved west and pushed the German tribes into conflict with Rome
Alaric – Germanic Chief – 410 AD; burned Rome

9. Reasons for the Fall of Rome
1. Political – no rule of who was to inherit the throne
Adopted son – because the real son was to spoiled
Praetorian Guard – soldiers that protected the palace
Killed the emperors and sold the position to the highest bidder
AD – less than 100 years – 37 emperors
2. Economics
Emperors overpaid soldiers so they would support him
Taxes were too high; Inflation
3. Foreign Armies Attacked