1. Tuesday, November 13, 2018 Agenda: 1) Opening: Elements of an Argument
2) Work Session: Article and Chart
3) Closing: Group Presentations

2. Today’s Precept
“Life is like sailing. You can use any wind to go in any direction.”
- Robert Brault

3. Standards
ELAGSE7RL1: Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
ELAGSE7RL2: Determine a theme and/or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text; provide an objective summary of the text.
ELAGSE7RI8: Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support the claims.

4. Learning Target
Locate text evidence to support the author’s claim in an argument by quoting and paraphrasing sentences showing point of view so that I can easily locate the author’s main point.

5. Persuasive Reading Elements of an Argument

6. Words to know…
Claim- Writer’s position on an issue or problem. State your argument. The claim may appear in the introduction or the conclusion.
Support- Any material that helps the writer to prove his/her claim. Includes reasons and evidence.
Opposing View- Objections to the writer’s claim
Counterarguments- arguments made to contradict or argue against the opposing viewpoints.

7. Look out for Signal Words
Many argue that thieves should be given longer prison sentences because it would cut down on crime. (Opposing view sample)
Introducing an opposing view:
Acknowledge Believe Report Claim
Respond Comment Point out Refute
Suggest Dispute Insist Argue
Assert Reject Deny
However, this could lead to over crowding and increased budgets needed to care for these individuals. (Counter-argument sample)
Introducing a counter-argument:
However Nevertheless While this may be true
This is outweighed by Nonetheless

8. Types of Support - Evidence
Statistics – data from reliable sources
Facts – Statements that can be proven
Examples – details that demonstrate the claim
Expert Opinions – quotes or information from researchers or those respected in a certain field
Observations – firsthand accounts of an event

9. Can you find the elements?
The school district should not charge after-school sports programs to use the fields. To begin, those fields are maintained by taxpayer money. Home-owners pay an average of $ a year for the upkeep of these facilities. People in favor of charging for using the fields say the district needs money. But teams can’t afford to pay: if pressed they will simply fold. Then kids won’t have any teams at all. Further, health care experts like the Surgeon General encourage kids to get involved in sports to relieve stress and build lifelong health. Some argue that kids should exercise in school. However, kids often do not have the time, so after-school sports are one way to achieve this aim. After-school sports also help burn off energy and bonds with each other. Please do not charge the community teams to use school fields.

10. Let’s Review
The school district should not charge after-school sports programs to use the fields. To begin, those fields are maintained by taxpayer money. Home-owners pay an average of $ a year for the upkeep of these facilities. People in favor of charging for using the fields say the district needs money. But teams can’t afford to pay: if pressed they will simply fold. Then kids won’t have any teams at all. Further, health care experts like the Surgeon General encourage kids to get involved in sports to relieve stress and build lifelong health. Some argue that kids should exercise in school. However, kids often do not have the time, so after-school sports are one way to achieve this aim. After-school sports also help burn off energy and bonds with each other. Please do not charge the community teams to use school fields.

11. Persuasive Techniques
Logical Appeals- Logos
Emotional Appeals- Pathos
Ethical Appeals – Ethos
Kairos

12. Logical – Logos – Greek for ‘word’
Logical Appeals use valid facts and sound reasoning to persuade. Facts, numbers, and information can be very convincing.
Can you think of a commercial that uses logical appeal?

13. What would be an example of emotional appeal?
Emotional Appeals – From the Greek word Pathos- The feeling, as of sympathy or pity
Emotional appeals are often the most effective method of persuading an audience. They are not based on evidence but rather appeal to feeling in order to get one to “buy in.
What would be an example of emotional appeal?

14. How can you persuade someone with his/her ethics?
Ethical – From the Greek word Ethos-character, or fundamental values peculiar to a specific person.
Ethical appeals tend to persuade by using your sense of duty or responsibility. These try to convince by appeals to a group of people’s beliefs and values.
How can you persuade someone with his/her ethics?

15. Kairos From the Greek word meaning the right or opportune moment.
Try to convince your audience that this issue is so important they must act now.
Example: This is a one-time offer. You can’t get this price after today. One day only sale.

16. Can you find the techniques?
The school district should not charge after-school sports programs to use the fields. To begin, those fields are maintained by taxpayer money. Home-owners pay an average of $ a year for the upkeep of these facilities. People in favor of charging for using the fields say the district needs money. But teams can’t afford to pay: if pressed they will simply fold. Then kids won’t have any teams at all. Further, health care experts like the Surgeon General encourage kids to get involved in sports to relieve stress and build lifelong health. Some argue that kids should exercise in school. However, kids often do not have the time, so after-school sports are one way to achieve this aim. After-school sports also help burn off energy and bonds with each other. Please do not charge the community teams to use school fields.

17. Counter-argument - Rebuttal
Opposing Viewpoint
Many claim that college athletes should be paid a salary since the school makes money as a result of their talents
Counter-argument - Rebuttal
While it may be true that they deserve some type of payment, it must be considered that they are already being paid as a result of scholarships that provide them an education at either a free or reduced cost.
People contend that mobile phones are a waste of money since landlines are much cheaper
Counter-argument
Rebuttal
Citizens point out that smoking should be banned in all public places because passive smoking damages other people
Individuals suggest that there should be a law to make people recycle bottles and cans in order to cut down on the waste we produce
Music lovers insist that they should be allowed to download as much music as they want from the internet because CDs are overpriced

18. Work Session
Your group is receiving a persuasive article. Read the article by yourself.
As a group, go through the article and identify:
Claim- Writer’s position on an issue or problem.
Support- Includes reasons and evidence.
Opposing View- Objections to the writer’s claim
Counterarguments- arguments made to contradict or argue against the opposing viewpoints.