1. The Internet Protocol
Eliot Grove
Danny Friel
Stuart Anderson

2. OSI Model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link
Physical

3. The Network Layer
Navigating data
Source
Destination

4. Internet Protocol Numbering scheme Largest network of computers
American Registry of Internetwork Numbers (ARIN)

5. What is an IP address A way to identify machines on a network
A unique identifier

6. IP usage Used to connect to another computer
Allows transfers of files and
If you want to connect to another computer, transfer files to or from another computer, or send an message, you first need to know where the other computer is - you need the computer's "address." An IP (Internet Protocol) address is an identifier for a particular machine on a particular network; it is part of a scheme to identify computers on the Internet. IP addresses are also referred to as IP numbers and Internet addresses

7. IP structure IP addresses consist of four sections
Each section is 8 bits long
Each section can range from 0 to 255
Written, for example,
An IP address consists of four sections separated by dots.
Commonly written in decimal Each section contains a number ranging from 0 to Example =

8. IP structure
These four sections represent the machine itself and the network it is on
The network portion is assigned.
The host section is determined by the network administrator
These four sections represent both the machine itself, or host, and the network that the host is on. The network portion of the IP address is allocated under authority of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). American Registry of Internetwork Numbers (ARIN) Network administrators then assign the host portion of the IP address to the machines on the networks that they operate

9. IP structure 5 Classes of IP address A B C D and E
Class A reserved for governments
Class B reserved for medium companies
Class C reserved for small companies
Which sections of the IP address represent the network and which sections represent the machine will depend on what "class" of IP address is assigned to a network.
There are 5 classes of IP addresses: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E.
Class A - supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks
Class B - supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks
Class C - supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks

10. IP structure Class D are reserved for multicasting
Class E are reserved for future use

11. IP structure Class A begins 1 to 126 Class B begins 128 to 191
Class C begins 192 to 223
Classes correspond either to the size of the network (the number of hosts that the network can support) or are reserved for specific purposes, such as multicasting and experimentation.
The diagram shows Class A, Class B and Class C IP addresses. The blue numbers represent the network and the red numbers represent hosts on the network. As has been mentioned, a Class A network can support many more hosts than a Class C network.
You can determine which class any IP address is in by examining the first 4 bits of the IP address.
Class A addresses begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal.
Class B addresses begin with 10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal.
Class C addresses begin with 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal.
Class D addresses begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal.
Class E addresses begin with 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal.
Addresses beginning with , or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and for internal testing on a local machine. [You can test this: you should always be able to ping , which points to yourself] Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting. Class E addresses are reserved for future use. They should not be used for host addresses.

12. Reserved addresses
Addresses beginning 127 are reserved for loopback and internal testing
xxx reserved for network address
xxx reserved for broadcast
Loopback
Routers use the network address in the forwarding of data. Also, Hosts can only communicate directly with devices using the same network address.
Broadcast allows a message to be sent to all devices on a network

13. IP Addresses IP addresses are: Unique Global and Standardised
Essential
IP addresses are unique. No two machines can have the same IP number. IP addresses are also global and standardized. All machines connected to the Internet agree to use the same scheme for establishing an address.

14. Subnetting - Why? Division of local networks
Greater number of networks
Simplifies addressing

15. Subnetting - How Bits borrowed from host field Network Host Network
Subnet/Host

16. Subnetting -Example 130.5.0.0 - Network address
Host address
Subnet Mask
Subnet

17. Where do you want to go Tomorrow? Computer controlled dwellings
Road and rail systems
Criminal tagging

18. The Internet Protocol
Running out!!
Upgraded to IPv6

19. Thank you!

20. And goodnight!