1. Famous Men Leeuwenhoek: first to see living microorganisms
Used simple microscope
Robert Hooke: named the cell
Used a compound microscope to look at cork.
Reminded him of rooms in a monastery
Called them Cells

2. Cell Theory
T. Schwann: sounds like Swan – All animals are made of cells.
M. Schleiden: All plants are made of cells
Virchow: All cells come from pre-existing cells
All living things are made of cells unicellular- 1 cell multicellular- 2+ cells
2. Cell is the basic unit of life
The beginning unit is always a cell
3. All cells come from other cells
organism
Organ
system
cells
Organ
tissue
Skin
Skin
Muscle
Muscle
Skin
Muscle

3. Cell Structure and Function
Cells vary in size. Longest cell – nerve cells (up to 2 meters long)
Smallest cell – bacteria Largest cell – egg cell
Cells vary in shape. Shape is often related to function Blood cells are smooth, round, and
flow easily through the blood vessels

4. Animal Cell Nucleus 2 Cell Types Cell Organelles  organs in a cell
Most important = nucleus (controls all cell functions)
Nucleus:Cell :: brain:body
2 Cell Types
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
No nucleus
Nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound organelles
Simple
Complex
Contains: cell wall, cell membrane, and ribosomes,
Contains: nucleus and organelles
Bacteria only
Plants/animals/fungus

5. Organelle Structure and Function
Plasma membrane (cell membrane)
Surrounds cell
maintains homeostasis
selectively permeable (controls what enter and leaves the cell)

6. Cell Wall
Rigid Structure Surrounds cell membrane Provides support Ex. Plants, Fungi, some protist and bacteria

7. Nucleus Nucleus – control center (contains chromatin)
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Nucleus – control center (contains chromatin)
Chromatin – Tangles of DNA
Nucleolus – located in the center of the nucleus, produces ribosomes

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Found on the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Liquid between the nucleus and cell membrane
Suspends organelles
A place for chemical reactions and transport

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Folded membrane (increased surface area)
Assembly and transport of proteins and lipids
Rough ER has attached ribosomes

10. Golgi Apparatus (body)
Packaging and shipping of proteins and lipids
Packaged into vesicles
Vacuole
Storage of food, water, and waste
Larger in plant cells – usually contains water

11. Mitochondrion Produces Energy (ATP) for the cell
Inner folded membrane increases surface area

12. Chloroplast Photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)
Light energy + CO2 + H2O  glucose + O2

13. Microtubules and Microfilaments
Protein fibers involved in cell movement and shape of the cell
Moves organelles throughout the cell (cytoplasmic streaming of chloroplast)

14. Cilia Flagella Short hair-like projections from the membrane
Cell movement
Flagella
Long whip-like structure that extend from the cell membrane
Usually 1 or 2 on a cell

15. 3 differences between plant and animal cells
Plant cell has cell wall
Plant cell has chloroplast
Plant cell has a larger vacuole