1. Clash on the Prarie

2. Plains Indians Little known of Western Indians
Hunted and planted crops
Small villages
Others nomadic
Hunted and gathered

4. Horse and the Buffalo 1598 Spanish horses Also acquired guns
Most left farms
War from mobility
tepees
Buffalo Central

5. Family Life Small family groups Similar language Spirits Shamans
Behavior through stories
Lead by council

6. Settlers push West Owned land Mining claims “improve land”
Indians “unsettled”

7. Lure of Gold and Silver Gold in Colorado 1858 Filthy living quarters
Tents and shacks
Every description of person
Businesses followed

8. Government Restricts Native Americans
1834 great plains a big reservation
1850s specific boundaries
Indians Ignore

9. Massacre at Sand Creek 1864 the Cheyenne Returned to Colorado
“I want no peace till the Indians suffer more” -General Curtis
700 Indians
Attacked at dawn, killed 150

10. Death on the Bozeman Trail
Sioux in Bighorn Mountains
Crazy horse
Hundred Slain/ Fetterman Massacre
80 soldiers killed
Treaty of Fort Laramie
Sitting Bull doesn't sign treaty

11. Red River War
Kiowa and Comanche
Raiding for 6 years

12. Gold Rush
Black Hills
Sioux protested
Colonel George Custer

13. Custer’s Last Stand Sitting Bull ready, Sioux
Custer comes to little big horn
Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull lead attack
All men of 7th Calvary Dead
Hides in Canada

14. Dawes Act “Americanize” native Americans Broke up reservations
Gave land to individual Indians
Remainder of land sold
2/3 of territory sold

15. Destruction of the Buffalo
Blow to plain Indians
Fur traders
1800, 65 mil ,fewer than 1000
1900 single heard

16. Battle of Wounded Knee Sioux, poverty and disease
Ritual called ghost dance
Sitting Bull killed

17. Wounded Knee 350 starving Sioux rounded up
Demanded natives give up weapons
Shot fired
Soldiers open fire, guns and Cannons
300 slaughtered in minutes
Corpses left to freeze

19. Vaqueros and Cowboys Learned from Mexico Longhorns
Not large demand till railroad
Drive $125 per head

20. Growing demand for beef
Growing cities
Shipped cattle

21. Cow Town Shipping yards Chisholm Trail San Antonio to Kansas
75,000 head traveled

22. Cowboys
55,000 cowboys
25% African American
12% Mexican

23. Days work
10-14 hour day
Young as 15, broken by 40
Expert riders

24. Long Drive
3 months
1 cowboy to 300 cattle
Trail bosses $100 a month

25. Legend of the West Wild Bill- spy and scout, then marshal
Calamity Jane- sharpshooter

26. End of open range
Overgrazing
Alternating weather patterns
Barbed Wire