1. An Observational Electromyography Study of the Effect of Trunk Flexion in Low-Velocity Frontal Whiplash-Type Impacts 
Shrawan Kumar, PhD, Robert Ferrari, MD, Yogesh Narayan, BSc, PEng 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 87, Issue 4, Pages (April 2006)
DOI: /j.apmr
Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1 The sled device for whiplash-type impacts.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
The positioning of the subjects prior to frontal whiplash-type impacts.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
The sled acceleration impulses for 4 levels of applied acceleration.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Trunk flexed to left and right. Head acceleration in the x, y, and z axes of 1 subject in response to the level of applied acceleration. The z axis is parallel, the x axis orthogonal, and the y axis vertical to the direction of travel. Legend: Head X, head acceleration in the x axis; Head Y, head acceleration in the y axis; Head Z, head acceleration in the z axis.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Trunk flexed to left and right. Normalized mean peak and average electromyograms (EMG) (percentage of isometric MVC) where the error bars represent standard deviation, and applied acceleration. Abbreviations: LSCM, left sternocleidomastoid; LSPL, left splenius capitis; LTRP, left trapezius; RSCM, right sternocleidomastoid; RSPL, right splenius capitis; RTRP, right trapezius.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2006 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions