1. RECONSTRUCTION
What were the most significant political, social and economic effects of the Civil War?

2. President Johnson’s Plan
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
1) When 10% of voting pop. takes an oath of loyalty, that state can begin re-admission to US
2) When state adopts 13th Amendment, it will be readmitted and confederates get a pardon
Radical Republicans say not tough enough!
Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth before plan takes effect
President Johnson’s Plan
Similar to Lincoln’s but high-ranking officials must directly ask for pardon
Johnson pardons 13K, “White men alone must manage South” – Rad Reps furious!

3. Radical Republicans Plan
1) Freedman’s Bureau – Gov agency to help ex-slaves (Johnson vetoes, Congress overrides veto)
2) Civil Rights Act of forbids discriminatory laws (Johnson vetoes, Congress overrides)
3) 14th Amendment: all people born in US (or naturalized) are citizens, states can’t deny rights to citizens
4) 15th Amendment: citizen cannot be denied right to vote based on race

4. Reconstruction & Impeachment
Southerners not obeying new laws passed by Rad Reps
Reconstruction Act divides south into 5 military zones until they ratify 14th & 15th Amendments & follow new laws
Johnson vetoes, Congress overrides & then pass laws limiting Presidential power, Johnson defies the new laws
Johnson impeached by House of Reps, found not guilty in the Senate – Johnson remains in office

5. Post War Elections Ulysses S. Grant, wins presidency, 500K blacks vote
1870: Hiram Revels: 1st African American Senator
16 Af-Americans elected to House of Reps during Reconstruction

6. Economy of the “New South”
So. economy struggles, high inflation, low property values
Scalawags (poor southerners) resent Carpetbaggers from North moving to South to take advantage of low prices
Republicans want to fix economy by creating public works jobs
Democrats (former Confederates) oppose Rep. plan – favor sharecropping, encourage freed slaves to return to plantation

7. End of Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan (KKK) uses scare tactics, kills 20K
Panic of 1873 allows So. Democrats regain power, pass Black Codes (jobs/property) – stop money for Freedman’s Bureau
1876 Election: dispute over who won most electoral votes
Compromise of 1877: Southern Democrats will vote for Republican Rutherford Hayes if he ends Reconstruction
Hayes ends reconstruction, South begins passing Jim Crow Laws (legal segregation & poll taxes)