1. 2018 Cell Unit Test Review

2. What are the 3 parts of the Cell Theory?

3. 1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure
and function of living things.
3. Cells can only come from other living
cells.

4. Explain the structure and function of a unicellular organism (specialization).

5. A unicellular organism is made of one cell that is NOT specialized
A unicellular organism is made of one cell that is NOT specialized. The one cell is able to support all of the needs of the organism.

6. What is an organelle?

7. Organelles are structures inside cells that have specific functions.
Examples: nucleus, ribosomes, centrioles
They are NOT alive. The smallest living unit is a cell.

8. Define multicellular organism, explain what types of cells they have, and how they are organized.

9. A multicellular organism is made up of several different cells that are specialized. The structure and function of the cells are different.
A group of cells working together form tissues, which form organs, which form organ systems, which form an organism.

10. Compare the structure and function of a leaf cell, red blood cell and a nerve cell.

11. Cell
Structure
function
leaf
chloroplast
cell wall
large vacuole
photosynthesis
support
maximizes storage
red blood cell
gets rid of nucleus
flexible
carries oxygen
travels through blood vessels
nerve cell
long fibers
receives/send messages

12. Define eukaryote and prokaryote.

13. Eukaryotes have cells that are larger, more complicated, contain a nucleus, and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes have a single cell with a simple design (no nucleus) = bacteria.

14. Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.

15. chloroplasts centrioles large vacuole small vacuoles
Plant Cell Animal Cell
outer layer = cell wall outer layer = cell membrane
also has cell membrane
chloroplasts centrioles
large vacuole small vacuoles
rectangular circular shaped
autotrophic heterotrophic

16. What is the difference between chlorophyll and chloroplasts?

17. Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs in autotrophic cells
Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs in autotrophic cells. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is the green photosynthetic pigment.

18. Identify the function of the following organelles:
A. nucleus
B. cell membrane
C. vacuole
D. lysosome
E. chloroplast
F. mitochondria
G. cell wall
H. ribosomes

19. organelle function nucleus – controls cell’s activities (contains DNA)
B. cell membrane – controls what enters and leaves cell
C. vacuole – “storage bins”
D. lysosome – “clean up crew”
E. chloroplast - site of photosynthesis (contain chlorophyll)
F. mitochondria – produces energy
G. cell wall - support for plant , fungi, and bacterial cells;
made of cellulose
H. ribosomes – “protein factories”

20. Identify: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, cytoplasm, & outer layer

21. Identify: nucleus (6), mitochondria (2), ribosome (3), cytoplasm (7), & outer layer (cell membrane)

22. Explain what a
selectively permeable
(semi-permeable)
cell membrane means.

23. A selectively permeable cell membrane determines what molecules are able to enter and leave the cell.

24. Define diffusion.

25. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

26. Define osmosis.

27. Osmosis is the diffusion (moves from high to low concentration) of water through a selectively permeable cell membrane.

28. Define homeostasis.

29. Homeostasis is the ability of a cell to maintain stable internal conditions or environment. This is accomplished by the cell membrane controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

30. Explain what is happening in the onion cells that are exposed to salt water.

31. Water is leaving the onion cells through the process of osmosis because the cells are exposed to salt water. Water moves from high concentration to low concentration. The cytoplasm and vacuoles lose water.

32. What is mitosis?

33. mitosis- the nucleus divides and two new nuclei (plural) form, each containing the same number of chromosomes

34. List 3 reasons a multicellular organism performs mitosis.

35. 1. growth
2. repair of injuries
3. replacement of worn out cells

36. Identify the 3 main events of mitosis/cell cycle.

37. 3 main events of mitosis/cell cycle:
1. cell makes a copy of contents
2. cell equally divides contents of cells
3. separate to produce two identical daughter cells

38. Identify the gender of the individual if the 23rd chromosome pair is:
XX = _______________
XY = _______________

39. XX = female
XY = male

40. How many chromosomes do human somatic (body) cells have?

41. Human somatic (body) cells have 46 chromosomes.

42. If a cell containing 60 chromosomes goes through mitosis: a) How many cells will there be at the end? b) How many chromosomes will each cell have?

43. If a cell containing 60 chromosomes goes through mitosis:
a) How many cells will there be at the end? 2
b) How many chromosomes will each cell
have? chromosomes per cell

44. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Label the names of the molecules.
Identify where it occurs in the cell.

45. occurs in chloroplasts
sunlight
6 CO H2O C6H12O O2
carbon dioxide water glucose oxygen
occurs in chloroplasts

46. Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration
Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration. Label the names of the molecules.
Identify where it occurs in the cell.

47. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water energy occurs in the mitochondria

48. Use a VENN diagram to compare/contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

49. photosynthesis cellular respiration
produces ATP (energy) from food
produces carbon dioxide and water
occurs in mitochondria
autotrophs & heterotrophs
produces:
food
oxygen
occurs in chloroplasts
needs sun
autotrophs
almost reverse processes;
switches reactants and products

51. photosynthesis
cellular respiration
chloroplast
6CO2 + 6H2O sun C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
mitochondria