2. 34.1 – Define cognition, and describe the functions of concepts.
Cognition: refers to the mental processes that enable an organism to think, comprehend, and communicate.
Cognitive skills allow organisms to adapt to environmental changes and needs, increasing the likelihood for survival. As cognitive skills improve, the processes of thinking, language, and memory also increase.

3. 34.1 – Define cognition, and describe the functions of concepts.
Concepts: a category that encompasses information that shares similar features or characteristics.
Component of a Concept:
1) Prototype: the best example that incorporates all essential features of a concept; this differs from person to person and is based on experience.
2) Formal Concepts: a concept that is defined by a set of rules.
3) Natural Concepts: a concept formed through everyday experiences.

4. 34.2 – Identify the factors associated with creativity, and describe ways of promoting creativity.
Creativity: our ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
Measuring Creativity
High IQ’s can correlate with creativity. But IQ tests require convergent thinking, the ability to determine the single best solution. Creativity tests require divergent thinking, which expands the number of possible problem solutions.
Directed Thinking (Convergent Thinking)
A systematic & logical attempt to reach a specific goal or answer, such as a solution to a math problem
Examples: Algorithms, heuristics, rule-bound
Nondirected Thinking (Divergent Thinking)
Consists of a free flow of thoughts with no particular plan and depends more on images
Examples: Brainstorming, imagination, insight, flexible, no rules

5. 34.2 – Identify the factors associated with creativity, and describe ways of promoting creativity.
Components of Creativity (Robert Sternberg)
1) Expertise – furnishes the ideas, images, and phrases we use as mental building blocks.
2) Imaginative Thinking Skills – allows us to redefine or explore a problem in new ways.
3) A Venturesome Personality – seeks new experiences, tolerates ambiguity and risk, and perseveres in overcoming obstacles.
4) Intrinsic Motivation – focus on the pleasure and stimulation of the work itself.
5) A Creative Environment – sparks, supports, and refines creative ideas.

6. 34.2 – Identify the factors associated with creativity, and describe ways of promoting creativity.
Ways to Boost Creativity:
1) Develop your expertise.
2) Allow time for incubation.
3) Set aside time for the mind to roam freely.
4) Experience other cultures and ways of thinking.