1. 11-3 How Should We Manage and Sustain Marine Fisheries?
Concept Sustaining marine fisheries will require improved monitoring of fish and shellfish populations, cooperative fisheries management among communities and nations, reduction of fishing subsidies, and careful consumer choices in seafood markets.

2. Estimating and Monitoring Fishery Populations Is the First Step
Recall that fisheries are _____________________ areas of a particular wild aquatic species suitable for commercial harvest
concentrated

3. Estimating and Monitoring Fishery Populations Is the First Step
If not managed properly, the fisheries can run out of fish and ___________________
collapse
Which 10 year period do you think shows the greatest decline?

4. Estimating and Monitoring Fishery Populations Is the First Step
The first step in protecting and sustaining our fisheries is to make the best possible __________________ of their fish and shellfish populations
The traditional estimation approach determines a ___________________ sustained yield (MSY)
The max. number of individuals that can be harvested annually without causing a population drop
It is difficult to estimate this ______________ and affects populations of ______________ species
estimates
maximum
exactly
other

5. Estimating and Monitoring Fishery Populations Is the First Step
It may be better to use an _________________ sustained yield (OSY)
leaves room for ______________
A third approach is called ____________________ management
Focuses on a number of species and their ____________________ and ________________________ interactions
A fourth approach uses __________________ models to manage large marine systems
May involve cooperation among many nations
optimum
error
multispecies
competitive
predator-prey
computer

6. Estimating and Monitoring Fishery Populations Is the First Step
Since we have _________________ data on aquatic biodiversity and changing ocean conditions, scientists recommend using the precautionary principle manage our fish populations
This may involve ___________________ our fish harvests and ________________ some areas until they recover and we have more information
limited
reducing
closing

7. Some Communities Cooperate to Regulate Fish Harvests
In addition to estimating our fish populations accurately, we also need to __________________ fishing
Many communities use ____________________ systems to sustain fisheries
Each fisher gets a share of the total catch
Successful in Norway and requires _______ government involvement
regulate
catch-share no

8. Some Communities Cooperate to Regulate Fish Harvests
The influx of large modern fishing boats and fishing fleets has weakened the ability of many coastal communities to sustain their local fisheries
______________________ of the fisheries with the ________________ is often needed
Government sets _________________ for species and divides the quotas among communities
Limits fishing ___________________
Regulates fishing ___________ that can be used
Co-management
government
quotas
seasons
gear

9. Government Subsidies Can Encourage Overfishing
Currently, governments around the world give a total of ______________________ dollars per year in subsidies to fishers to keep their businesses running
About ________ billion is used for necessary supplies and management
Scientists argue that the remaining amount simply __________________ expansion and overfishing
“too many boats chasing too few fish”
30 – 34 billion 20
promotes

10. Consumer Choices Can Help to Sustain Fisheries and Aquatic Biodiversity
An important component of sustaining aquatic biodiversity will involve __________________ pressure from consumers demanding ____________________ seafood
Need _________________ to inform consumers how and where fish was caught
1999: Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
________________ sustainably produced seafood
“Fish Forever” eco-label
bottom-up
sustainable
labels
Certifies

11. Consumer Choices Can Help to Sustain Fisheries and Aquatic Biodiversity
Sustainable practices should also be used in fish farming practices…also called __________________
“Agriculture for fish”
aquaculture

12. Consumer Choices Can Help to Sustain Fisheries and Aquatic Biodiversity
Individuals can help by selecting ___________ - eating fish species, like tilapia
Carnivorous fish raised in fish farms are fed ________________ made from wild-caught fish
plant
fishmeal

13. Bycatch Fishery Regulations Economic Approaches Aquaculture
Solutions
Managing Fisheries
Bycatch
Fishery Regulations
Use nets that allow escape of smaller fish
Set low catch limits
Improve monitoring and enforcement
Use net escape devices for seabirds and sea turtles
Economic Approaches
Reduce or eliminate fishing subsidies
Aquaculture
Certify sustainable fisheries
Restrict coastal locations of fish farms Improve pollution control
Protect Areas
Establish no-fishing areas
Figure 11.11: There are a number of ways to manage fisheries more sustainably and protect marine biodiversity. Questions: Which four of these solutions do you think are the most important? Why?
Nonnative Invasions
Establish more marine protected areas
Kill or filter organisms from ship ballast water
Consumer Information
Dump ballast water at sea and replace with deep-sea water
Label sustainably harvested fish
Publicize overfished and threatened species
Fig , p. 267

14. Review Question 1
What different methods can we use to estimate fish populations?
Maximum sustained yield
Optimum sustained yield
Multispecies Management
Computer Models – large marine systems

15. Review Question 2 How do catch share systems work?
And co-management groups?
Fishers share a portion of the total catch
Government helps to regulate fishing by setting
quotas, season, and gear limitations

16. Review Question 3
How can consumers get involved in sustaining aquatic biodiversity?
Demanding for and selecting sustainable seafood
Consume plant-eating fish or fish forever label