1. Chapter 18
Classification

2. Systematics = science of naming and grouping organisms
Aristotle – B.C. – 1st to group living things
- 2 kingdoms – Plant or Animal

3. Carolus Linnaeus – 1730s – Swedish botanist
Binomial nomenclature – 2 part scientific name
Scientific name = Genus species or Genus species
Ex. Homo sapien or H. sapien

4. Ex. Carnegiea gigantia
giant Segauro cactus
Ex. Permyscus californicus
common California mouse
Ex. Nymphea odorata
fragrant water lily
Name – location, characteristics, scientist

5. Grouped organisms by morphology (form & structure)
Also – 2 kingdoms

6. Developed hierarchy :
- Kingdom – broadest
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species – most specific

8. Modern – use evolutionary relationships as well
Cladogram – diagram that links organisms by showing how evolutionary lines branched off from common ancestors
Based on a derived character = trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor and was passed on

9. Cladogram Clade Tetrapoda Clade Amniota Clade Mammalia Clade Carnivora
Clade Felidae
Four
limbs
A derived character, like
retractable claws, is a trait
shared by all members of
a clade and only by
members of that clade.

10. Dichotomous Key
Used to identify organisms
Uses if … then statements

11. Six Kingdoms
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria

12. Three Domains Domain – based on rRNA sequences 3 Domains
- Archae (K. Archaebacteria)
- Bacteria (K. Eubacteria)
- Eukarya (K. A, P, F, P)