1. Evolution: Classification

2. Early Ideas about evolution
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck was one of the first scientists to recognize that things change over time.
He also believed organisms adapted to their environments. He had 3 explanations:
A desire to change( if giraffes stretched their necks they will grow longer)
Use and disuse (don’t use it you lose it)
Passing on acquired (if you lose a thumb your children will have only one thumb) traits
None are TRUE!

4. Biological Classification
Aristotle
developed the first method of classification
placing objects into groups based on similarities
Carolus Linnaeus
Swedish botanist
He developed a system for naming plants and animals
His system was called Binomial Nomenclature
This gave each organism a two-part scientific name.
i.e. Red Maple is Acer rubrum
Acer is the Latin word for maple (genus)
Rubrum is the Latin word for red (species)

5. Classification and Evolution
Biologists now group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent or phylogeny, not just physical similarities
This is called evolutionary classification

7. Biological Classification
Taxonomy
the science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups.
Each one is called a taxon.
Kingdom –
Phylum –
Class –
Order –
Family –
Genus –
Species –

8. Humans Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order:
Primates
Family:
Hominidae
Genus:
Homo
Species:
H. sapiens
Subspecies:
H. s. sapiens

9. Biological Classification

10. Biological Classification

11. Biological Classification
6 Kingdom System –
1)Eubacteria
2)Archaebacteria
microscopic single-celled prokayotes
3) Protista
single-celled eukaryotes
4) Fungi
build cell walls that don’t contain cellulose
heterotrophic
involved with decomposition
multicellular and eukaryotic
5) Plantae
autotrophic w/ cell walls that contain cellulose.
6) Animalia –
heterotrophic w/out cell walls

12. Biological Classification

13. Biological Classification
Biochemical Taxonomy
to help classify organisms into groups
we can compare either the nucleotide sequences of their DNA and RNA or the amino acid sequences of their proteins.
Molecular Clocks – The number of differences between each of the proteins shows the degree of difference between the organisms.
The greater the difference between the proteins of two organisms, the further in the past it was that those two organisms diverged from a common ancestor.

16. A new favorite animal?

17. What do we think this is? Kingdom? Phylum? Class? Order? Family?
Genus?
Species?

18. Capybara :Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family:Hydrochaeridae
Genus: Hydrochaeris
Species: hydrochaeris
Video

19. What about this one?

20. Pangolin
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Pholidota Family: Manidae Genus: Manis Species: gigantea

21. Pangolin facts from Jurica Nature Museum www.ibc.edu
The pangolin is covered with large, thick, brown or reddish brown scales and has no hair. The scales are composed of keratin, the same material of which human fingernails are made.
When threatened, the pangolin can curl up into a boll, overlapping its scales, creating an armor-like defense. The pangolin has long claws on the front feet and a long, wide tail.
It usually measures 16 to 28 inches in length and the tail is equally as long as its body. Male pangolins are bigger than females. The pangolin has a long snout and a small, pointed head with small eyes that are protected by specialized thick eyelids. They lack teeth, but have a very long, sticky tongue (about 9 inches in length) for catching insects.