1. Targeting Smads to Restore Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling and Regulatory T- Cell Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease 
Deanna D. Nguyen, Scott B. Snapper 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 136, Issue 4, Pages (April 2009)
DOI: /j.gastro
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

2. Figure
TGF-β signaling pathway. Once TGF-βR is activated, Smad2 and Smad3 are phosphorylated, and bind to Smad4, and the resulting complex translocates to the nucleus to activate target genes. Smad7 inhibits TGF-β signaling by inhibiting phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Figure adapted from Fiocchi.11
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions