1. Unity and Sectionalism
Chapter 11 Lesson 3
Essential Question: Why does conflict develop?
Learning Goal: SWBAT compare issues regarding the power of the federal government and states, analyze and evaluate the consequences of landmark Supreme Court decisions, summarize the Missouri Compromise, analyze the causes and effects of sectionalism, explain how Florida became part of the US, and identify points of view of important leaders of the time period.

2. National Unity
After the War of 1812, intense division of the United States seemed to be over
Election of 1816: James Monroe, Republican, had no serious opponent
A time period known as “The Era of Good Feelings”
Republicans now supported the power of the federal government over states’ rights
This helped guide the United States through this time of “good feelings”

3. Henry Clay’s American System
Republican & Speaker of the House
Proposed the American System
Would help the economy in each section of the country and increase the power of the federal government
Wanted:
Higher tariffs
New Bank of the United States
Internal improvements like roads, canals, and bridges
Congress did not agree with all of his ideas
Did not spend money on internal improvements
VIDEO

4. The Second Bank of the United States
First bank charter ended in 1811, Congress did not renew the charter
1816: Congress created the Second Bank of the United States
State banks gave too many loans
Caused inflation (money was not worth as much and prices of goods rose)
Without a national bank, there was nowhere for the US government to manage their funds
The Second Bank of the United States restored order to the money supply which helped business grow

5. Competition from Britain
After the Industrial Revolution, Britain was able to produce goods faster, had cheaper prices, and at a higher quality than the US
British companies were trying to keep US companies from being able to compete with them

6. New Tariffs
Tariff of 1816
Designed to help protect American manufacturers from foreign competition by placing high taxes on imported goods
Foreign goods were more expensive for people to buy
Tariffs of 1818 & 1824 made goods even more expensive
Some Americans protested
Southerners felt the tariffs protected Northerners more

7. Growing Sectionalism
Tariff disputes caused sectionalism within the United States
Brought an end to the Era of Good Feelings
Three sections developed in the early 1800s
North: New England & Mid-Atlantic States- Leader was Webster
South: What is now the Southeast- Leader was Calhoun
West: area between the Appalachians & Mississippi River- Leader was Clay
All sections were different based on geography, economics, and history of the regions

9. Nationalism & the Supreme Court
Fletcher vs. Peck, 1810
The Supreme Court ruled that the courts could declare acts of a state government void if they violated provisions of the Constitution
McCulloch vs. Maryland, 1819
The state of Maryland could not tax the local office of the Bank of the United States because it was the property of the federal government
Gibbons vs. Ogden, 1824
Only Congress had the power to make laws governing interstate commerce.

10. Missouri Statehood
1819: Missouri Territory asked permission to become a state
Most settlers believed slavery should be legal in Missouri
Others did not agree
James Tallmadge proposed Missouri gradually abolish slavery in order to be admitted
There was a fear that if Missouri was a free state then the northern states would have a majority over the southern states

11. Missouri Compromise Suggested by Henry Clay
Maine can enter as a free state, Missouri can enter as a slave state
Would keep an even balance in the Senate
Addressed slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory
A line was drawn west from the southern boundary of Missouri- at 36˚30’N latitude.
Blocked slavery north of the line but permitted it south of the line
The compromise was only a temporary solution to the real problem: Slavery

13. Foreign Affairs
US believed the Louisiana Purchase included West Florida (strip from Louisiana to Florida-Alabama line)
Spain believed the land still belonged to them
1810: US group captures Spanish fort, San Carlos, in Baton Rouge
Declared independence of the “Republic of West Florida”
President Madison claims more land for the US
Spain was not happy but did not fight this because they were at war with France
Spain still controlled the rest of Florida
Slaves often fled to Spanish Florida for freedom

14. Foreign Affairs
Many Creek Indians also retreated to Florida when their western lands were taken by settlers and united with runaway slaves
They renamed themselves Seminoles meaning “runaway”

15. Invasion of Florida
Seminoles & Americans in Georgia fought often against each other
1818: John C. Calhoun (Sec. of War) orders General Andrew Jackson to stop the Seminole raids
Jackson seized St. Marks and Pensacola
Spain was furious but realized they could not defeat Jackson and the US
1819: Adams-Onís Treaty is signed
Spain ceded Florida to the United States

16. Spain Loses Power
1810: Priest Miguel Hidalgo led a rebellion in Mexico calling for racial equality
Spain captured Hidalgo and executed him
1821: Mexico earned its independence from Spain

17. The Monroe Doctrine
VIDEO
1822: four European countries planned to help Spain regain its American holdings
France, Austria, Russia, Prussia
President Monroe was very nervous about European involvement in the US
December 2, 1823: The United States would not get involved in the internal affairs or wars in Europe. It also said North & South America are “henceforth not to be considered subjects for future colonization by any European powers”.
This was known as the Monroe Doctrine and would guide American foreign policy for decades