1. Mao’s Revolution of China Notes

2. Civil War Nationalists v. Communists 1927-1950
The Nationalist party and the Communist party fought each other for control of China.

3. Nationalist Party (Kuomintang)
Chiang Kai-Shek – succeeded Sun Yat-Sen after his death as the leader of the Nationalist party.
Originally led by
Sun Yat-Sen

4. Chinese Communist Party
Mao Zedong – leader of the communist revolutionary movement
Revolution – wanting a dramatic change.

5. The communists were cornered by the Nationalists so they had to retreat. The retreat turned into a 6,000 mile march across China led by Mao Zedong that lasted over a year and made Mao a national hero to most Chinese peasants.
The Long March

6. Through the mountains

8. Taiwan
After their defeat by the Communists, the Nationalists fled to Taiwan, an island 100 miles off the coast of mainland China.

9. The Peoples Republic of China (1949) – the communists took control

10. The Great Leap Forward – 1958-1960
Chairman Mao established reforms intended to
Make China more industrial:
Took control of businesses and factories
Make China more modern
Took control of land and established communes
communes – citizens lived and worked together and the CCP controlled their work schedule and even their social lives.

11. The Great Leap Forward Key Parts
Collectivization – combining small private farms into large state-owned communes.
Large Irrigation projects (canals, wells, reservoirs, etc.)
Heavy Industry – Spending went up 18% in 2 years
“Boot-strap” steel production – each commune had to build blast furnaces and make steel.

12. The Great Leap Forward Results
Caused The Great Famine
million people died
Harvest not collected because too many workers had been moved to industry rather than agriculture.
Killing sparrows (who ate grain) lead to a massive locust swarm.
rare photo of people eating leaves in China during the Great Leap Forward
Great Leap Forward was supposed to last until It was ended in 1960.

13. Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976 Four Olds: Started by Mao Goals:
To drive moderates from the Communist Party
Eliminate the Four Olds
Create a spirit of permanent revolution
Four Olds:
Old Culture
Old Customs
Old Habits
Old Beliefs/Ideas

14. Cultural Revolution
Designed to stop all opposition to the CCP
“reeducation”– intellectuals, teachers, scientists, and politicians were sent to the countryside to do hard labor.
Religious worship was forbidden.
Closed factories
Denied healthcare and transportation
Most educated people in China were killed.
Many schools were forced to close from
literacy rate dipping as low as 40% in some parts of China.

15. The Red Guard
Radical students who supported Mao by destroying ancient buildings and attacking professionals, intellectuals, and artists.
Little Red Book – a collection of Mao’s saying and political thought carried by the Red Guard.
Rightist – those who opposed Mao and Communism.

16. The opening of the “Bamboo Curtain”
President Nixon visited with Chairman Mao in 1972 and established a positive relationship with China.
The U.S. has become a big trading partner with China.

17. Social Reforms under Communism
Population control
Only one child per family
Policy began officially after Mao’s death
Couples should wait until their late 20’s to marry
Rights for women
Employment
Divorce, choose her own husband
Ended foot binding
Women hold up half the sky.
- Mao Zedong

18. Effects of One Child Policy (1979 – 2015)

19. Economic Reforms In 1976 Mao dies (Cultural Revolution Ends).
Deng Xiaoping rose to power.
Worked to modernize and improve China’s economy.
Encouraged companies to invest in China.
Began a limited form of free enterprise, you can now
own your own business
Farm for a profit
Choose your own job
Improved standard of living

20. Economic freedom has not led to political freedom
Tiananmen Square (1989):
In April, 1989, over 10,000 students protested government corruption, demanding democracy and letting the people have more say in the government.

21. Tiananmen Square (1989):
The Chinese government denounced the protestors as anti-government and antiparty.
Students protested for weeks.

22. On June 4, 1989, the Chinese army converged on the protestors with orders to clear Tiananmen Square.
Soldiers used live ammunition, as well as tanks and armored personnel carriers to force their way into the square and get rid of the protestors.
At 4am on June 4, the lights in Tiananmen Square were suddenly turned off and a government loudspeaker announced: "Clearance of the square begins now."

23. Bodies of dead civilians lie among mangled bicycles near Tiananmen Square in the early morning of June

24. “Tank Man”

25. While the Communist Party denies that the massacre happened and forbids mention of it in China, outside estimates place the death toll from between 300-1,000 people
Tiananmen Square

26. Tiananmen Square
Flag Pole with Tiananmen Gate in the Background

28. Tiananmen Square
People’s Hero statue with Great Hall of the people in the background

29. Tiananmen Square
Chang ‘An Avenue with Mao’s Mausoleum in the background

30. Goodbye
再见 zài jiàn