1. Title: Collectivisation Starter
Which of these
Is a collective
Farm. WHY?

2. Read through the information sheet and highlight key points
Read through the information sheet and highlight key points. Complete the diagram below.

3. Read through the information sheet and highlight key points
Read through the information sheet and highlight key points. Complete the diagram.
COLLECTIVE FARM
Commisariat of Agriculture
Sovkozy
Better…
Kolkhozy
Land ownership: _____
Production targets….
Peasant told state:
State control and provision:
Organisation:
MTS:

4. “Collectivisation was a terrible disaster for the Soviet people”
How far do you agree?

5. USSR trotsky Propaganda Communism famine Red army economy NEP
In the back of your books, write six of the words below.
Definition BINGO
USSR
trotsky
Propaganda
Communism
famine
Red army
economy
NEP
Politburo
Comintern
Collectivisation
Kulak
Lenin’s testament
Kolkoz
stalin

6. As I read the definition, cross out your word…

7. Guess what we are learning about?

8. Industrialisation
L.O: Define industrialisation Outline why Stalin wanted this for Russia Examine the methods that he used to do this

9. In your own words, describe what industrialisation is
Expanding
Machinery
Factories
Money
In your own words, describe what industrialisation is
Workers
Rapid
Trade
Urban
Technology

10. Industrialisation
the development of industry on an extensive scale

11. From what we have learnt about Russia already (and Stalin)
From what we have learnt about Russia already (and Stalin). Why do you think that Stalin would like to industrialise?

12. Reasons for industrialisation
Just like agriculture, Stalin decided that he had to modernize industry if the Soviet Union was to survive
By modernising industry, the Soviet Union would be less reliant on the Western Powers for industrial goods
Reasons for industrialisation
A developed industry would be able to produce a greater number of armaments for Russia. Stalin was envisaging a war with the West in the future, he just didn’t know when
Stalin wanted the USSR’s industrial centres to be moved further east, behind the Ural mountains. Protection from invading forces

13. How was it implemented?
‘Planned economy’. The state would now decide what was produced, how it was produced and when and where it was produced
Stalin created the Gosplan= The state planning agency, they were in charge of the fine details of the planned economy
They decided to reach their targets by creating Five-Year Plans

14. ‘Smoke of chimneys is the breath of Soviet Russia’
Does this poster accurately show Stalin’s dreams for Russia’s future? Explain your answer

16. The First Five-Year Plan (1928-1932)
This concentrated on the heavy industries
Coal, oil, iron, steel and electricity
Targets were set too high
They were unrealistic
Despite this, massive gains were made
Coal and iron doubled their output
Electric power production trebled
1500 new industrial plants were built, alongside 100 new towns

18. The Second Five-Year Plan (1933-1937)
Communications were improved under this plan
Railway links between the cities and industrial centres were improved
Why do you think communication links had to be improved?
Industries focused on chemicals and metallurgy grew rapidly under this plan
Metallurgy: branch of science concerned with the properties of metal and their production and purification

20. The Third Five-Year Plan (1938-1941)
The focus of this plan to begin with was the production of luxury goods such as radios etc.
By giving people radios, Stalin could ensure that they were subjugated to propaganda at all times
However as the threat of war loomed closer, the focus was turned to producing armaments (tanks, planes, weapons)
This plan was not competed as Russia entered the war against Germany in June 1941

21. How successful were the plans?
Why might you be worried about accepting figures from the Soviets?
Why was the idea of using target effective?
Stalin always declared the five year plans a year ahead of schedule. Can you explain why?

22. Plenary
Were the 5 year plans a good idea?

23. The Phases of Development of the Five Year Plans/Collectivisation 1928 to 1941 (Pre-war period)
A period of accelerating industrialisation, urbanisation and forced collectivisation. Shortages led to rationing in the towns, but at the same time the regime was promising a Utopian future.
During these years economic policy was confused, reflecting the fact that the initial ‘plans’ had never been properly planned at all. Attempts to fulfil the targets of over-ambitious plans approved in July 1930 actually led to a decline in industrial production. There was a slight relaxation of the regimes draconian approach. The free peasant market was legalised and quotas on deliveries from collective farms were reduced.
1933 Despite the disastrous 1932 harvest (there is an argument that Stalin deliberately allowed this crisis to become worse than it need have been) grain quotas were increased. Other targets were more realistic – including those in the more modest second Five Year Plan.
This was a period of spectacular economic development, as factories built during the first plan began to produce and agriculture slowly recovered. The standard of living rose and rationing was abolished. These improvements took place against a backdrop of increased repression following the murder of Kirov.
These years were a period of mass repression and also preparations for war. The disruption of the purges caused a slowing down of industrial production, despite a tightening up of labour discipline.