1. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Main Points

3. Incidence Estimated Differences in states’ reporting requirements
HPV most common unreported STI (79 million prevalence per CDC)
Chlamydia most common reported STI (1.7 million per CDC, data)
One million new cases per day in world (WHO, 2019)

4. Chlamydia (CDC)

5. Gonorrhea (CDC, 2016))

6. Syphilis (CDC, 2016)

7. Pathogens Caused by virus – incurable, but treatable
Human papilloma virus
Herpes
Human immunodeficiency virus
Hepatitis
Caused by bacterium – curable and treatable
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis

8. Pathogens Caused by protozoa Caused by multicellular parasites
Trichomoniasis
Caused by multicellular parasites
“Crabs” (pubic lice)
Scabies (mites)

9. Symptoms Many cases are asymptomatic
Symptoms in females may be more difficult to see
General (burning during urination, itching)
Specific (blisters vs warts)

10. Herpes Virus (incurable, treatable) Herpes Simplex 1
Associated more frequently with oral infections (“cold sore”)
Herpes Simplex 1 can be found in genital region
Herpes Simplex 2
Associated more frequently with genital infections
Herpes Simplex 2 can be found in oral region

11. Cold Sore vs Canker Sore
Cold sore: Herpes Simplex
Usually visible outside of lip
Blister-like
May include a cluster of blisters
Canker sore: not Herpes Simplex
Usually visible inside of lip or cheek
Caused by trauma, stress, nutrition imbalance, hormone shifts, others

12. Gonorrhea Bacterial infection (curable)
Gonorrhea antibiotic resistance a growing problem
Asymptomatic
Burning during urination, bowel movement
Abdominal, pelvic, anal pain, sore throat
Vaginal, penile discharge

13. Gonorrhea

14. HPV – Human Papilloma Virus
Virus (incurable, treatable)
Asymptomatic
Main symptom is warts
In region of infection – penis, vagina, anus
Vary in size
Different from plantar warts
Symptoms may also affect throat, tonsils
Risk for cervical, throat, penile, anal & other cancers

15. HPV – Human Papilloma Virus

16. Syphilis Bacterial infection (curable)
Four stages, symptoms different for each
Primary: chancre
Secondary: rash
Latent: often asymptomatic
Tertiary: organ damage

17. Syphilis

18. Syphilis and History Tuskegee Moments in Civil Rights History
Documentary – Deadly Deception (PBS, via YouTube)
Guatemala
Journeyman Pictures, “The Frightening Legacy of US Syphilis Experiments in Guatemala” (16:25)
$1B U.S. lawsuit, (previous lawsuit dismissed)
CNN report (3:00)

19. Complications Vulnerability to HIV transmission (sores)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (chlamydia, gonorrhea)
Nervous system, cardiovascular system (syphilis)
Infertility (PID; urethra stricture in men)
Cancer (HPV)

20. Women & STI Complications
Women are more vulnerable to STI complications
Internal vs external anatomy
Less likely to experience symptoms
May confuse STI discharge with normal discharge
Women may not see symptoms as easily
Pelvic inflammatory disease
STIs may be passed to newborn babies

21. Testing Web-based resource via CDC Local:
Planned Parenthood of Greater Northwest
King County Public Health