1. Q: Give an example of an intrusive igneous rock.
Q: Give an example of an extrusive igneous rock.
Q: How are igneous rocks formed?
Q: What determines the size of crystals in igneous rocks?
Q: Give two examples of sedimentary rocks.
Q: How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Q: State two features of sedimentary rocks.
Q: Give an example of a metamorphic rock.

2. A: By the solidification of magma or lava.
A: Basalt, rhyolite.
A: Granite, gabbro.
A: The rate of cooling. Extrusive rocks cool slowly forming large crystals. Intrusive rocks cool quickly forming small crystals.
A: By the solidification of magma or lava.
A: By the compaction of layers of sediment over a very long time period.
A: Limestone and chalk.
A: Marble.
A: May contain fossils, susceptible to erosion.

3. Q: How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Q: Which sedimentary rocks can marble be formed from?
Q: Chalk, limestone and marble are all forms of which chemical?
Q: State some advantages of quarrying limestone.
Q: State some disadvantages of quarrying limestone.
Q: What are the primary uses of limestone?
Q: What happens during the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?
Q: In order from easiest to hardest, which decomposes the most easily: calcium carbonate, copper carbonate, zinc carbonate?

4. A: By the action of heat and/or pressure.
A: Chalk or limestone.
A: By the action of heat and/or pressure.
A: High demand for limestone to be used in construction; creation of jobs in the quarries, transporting the stone and at building sites; economic benefit to the local and national economies through wages and exports.
A: Calcium carbonate.
A: As a raw material for building, for the formation of glass, cement and concrete.
A: Limestone must be blasted from the ground, creating large amounts of dust; noise pollution caused by blasting; the destruction of habitat; using large lorries to transport the limestone from the quarry damages the roads; large lorries cause congestion on local roads.
A: Copper carbonate > zinc carbonate > calcium carbonate.
A: When heated, calcium carbonate breaks down into calcium oxide (quicklime) and carbon dioxide.

5. Q: What is the Law of Conservation of Atoms?
Q: What is an atom?
Q: What is the Law of Conservation of Atoms?
Q: What happens to calcium oxide in the presence of water?
Q: What happens when you dissolve calcium hydroxide in water?
Q: What happens to the total mass before and after a chemical reaction in a sealed container?
Q: How can calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide be used to reduce soil acidity?
Q: How can calcium carbonate be used to reduce soil acidity?
Q: How can calcium carbonate can be used to remove acidic gases from coal-fired power station chimneys, reducing harmful emissions and helping to reduce acid rain?

6. A: It dissolves in water to form a solution called limewater.
A: During chemical reactions, atoms are neither created nor destroyed; they are rearranged to make new products with different properties from the reactants.
A: The smallest particles of an element that can take part in chemical reactions.
A: It dissolves in water to form a solution called limewater.
A: Calcium oxide reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide. The reaction gives out heat, so the CaO hisses and expands when water is added to it.
A: They neutralise the acid, forming a salt and water (pH increases).
A: It remains unchanged.
A: It is used in power stations chimneys to neutralise sulfur dioxide, released when coal or oil is burned, which causes acid rain.
A: It neutralises the acid, forming a salt, water and carbon dioxide (the pH increases).