1. Introduction Into Biochemistry

2. What is Biochemistry? Biochemistry = chemistry of life.
Biochemists use physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level.
Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism

3. How does biochemistry impact you?
Medicine
Agriculture
Industrial applications
Environmental applications

4. Principle Areas of Biochemistry
Structure and function of biological macromolecules
Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes.
Molecular Genetics – How life is replicated. Regulation of protein synthesis

5. Origins of Biochemistry: A challenge to “Vitalism.”
Famous Dead Biochemist!

6. Fallacy #1: Biochemicals can only be produced by living organisms
1828 Friedrich Wohler
Dead Biochemist #1

7. Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol
Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical substances require living matter
Dead Biochemists #2
1897 Eduard Buchner
Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol

8. Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical substances require living matter
Dead Biochemists #3
Emil Fischer

9. Organization of Life elements simple organic compounds (monomers)
macromolecules (polymers)
supramolecular structures
organelles
cells
tissues
organisms

10. Range of the sizes of objects studies by Biochemist and Biologist
1 angstrom = 0.1 nm

11. Elements of Life
Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, H
Less abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cl
Trace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn
Trace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I,

12. Important compounds, functional groups

13. Many Important Biomolecules are Polymers
lipids
proteins
carbo
nucleic acids
monomer
polymer
supramolecular
structure

14. Lipids
monomer
polymer
supramolecular
structure

15. Proteins monomer polymer supramolecular structure amino acid
Enzyme complex
protein subunit
amino acid

16. Carbohydrates
monomer
polymer
supramolecular
structure

17. Nucleic Acids
monomer
polymer
supramolecular
structure

18. Monomers form polymers through condensations
Common theme:
Monomers form polymers through condensations
Polymers are broken down through hydrolysis.

20. Prokaryote Cell

21. Cellular Organization of an E. coli Cell
200 – 300 mg protein / mL cytoplasm

22. Eukaryote Cell

23. Nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum of a eukaryotic cell.

24. Golgi apparatus. Often associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus is responsible for the modification and sorting of some biomolecules. The proteins inserted into the lumen of the ER are transported to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and secretion. Vesicles carry modified material to destinations inside and outside the cell.

25. Mitochondrion. Mitochondria are the main sites of energy transduction in aerobic eukaryotic cells. Carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids are metabolized in this organelle.

26. Chloroplast. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and algae. Light energy is captured by pigments associated with the thylakoid membrane and used to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates.