1. Boilers
This is session 22 in curriculum manual

2. Today’s Agenda Function of a boiler Boiler operation Fuel Boiler parts
Boiler drafts
Boiler designs

3. Boilers Fundamentals Combustion Requires water Changes water to steam
High temperature steam
Steam to mechanical energy
Other processes

4. Boiler Processes Turbine drivers Distillation columns Heat exchangers
Reactors
Extruders

5. Fuel Used in Boilers
Natural gas
Fuel oil
Process oil
Process gas

6. Boiler Parts Burners (gas or oil) Pilot Firebox Steam drum Mud drum
Economizer

7. How Boilers Works Fuel and air are mixed
Controlled combustion in firebox
Water tubes heat
Convection circulation
Steam exists steam drum
Flue gas exists through stack

8. Boiler Symbols

9. Boiler Draft Configurations
Natural draft
Forced draft
Induced draft
Balanced draft

10. Boiler Designs
Fired tube
Water tube

14. Hazards Personal Process Equipment – Problems?
Similar to furnace hazards
Heat
Fire/explosion (from unburned fuel)
High pressure steam
Equipment – Problems?
Tube rupture
Soot buildup in super heat and economizer sections
Loss of water flow
Flame impingement on tubes
Impurities in water
Flame-out
Improper water level
Process
If boiler goes down
Major effect
May be able to operate if have multiple boilers/cogen system

15. Monitoring and Maintenance
Water and steam
flow rates
Temperatures
Water level
Superheat and saturated steam temps
Firebox/combustion
Smoke
Burner/flame pattern
Fuel pressure/temp
O2 levels in firebox
Pressure in firebox and drums
Stack combustion monitors
Fan operation