1. 3-1 Neurons Psychology Essential Task 3-1:
Identify the basic parts of the neuron (dendrites, cell body, axon, terminal buttons, synaptic vesicles, and receptor sites)
Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B= Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184
Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

2. Biological Psychology
Outline
branch of psychology that studies how the body influences behavior and mental processes
some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists

3. Principles of Biological Psychology
Everything psychological is simultaneously biological.
The nervous system is complexity built from simplicity.
The brain is both specialized and integrated.
The nervous system is “plastic” especially at early ages of development.

4. Neurons: The Messengers
Outline
About 100 billion neurons (nerve cells) in the human brain. Recent estimates put it at about 86 billion.
About 100 trillion connections amongst these neurons.
Neurons have many of the same features as other cells
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
What makes neurons unique is their shape and function

5. Structure of Neurons Dendrites Cell Body (Soma) Axon Myelin Sheath
Outline
Dendrites
Carry information to the cell body from other neurons
Cell Body (Soma)
Contains nucleus
Axon
Carries information to the next cell
Myelin Sheath
Insulates the axon and speeds up the neural impulse

6. Neuron
Outline

7. The Synapse The synapse Terminal button
Outline
The synapse
Composed of the terminal button of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrites or cell body of the receiving neuron
Terminal button
Enlarged area at the end of an axon
Synaptic space (synaptic cleft)
Tiny gap between neurons
Receptor Sites
Sites on the dendrite of the receiving neuron where neurotransmitters bind fitting like keys into specially designed locks.

8. Outline

9. Chemical Transmission Between Neurons
Outline
Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters that bind to receptor sites.
Sacs in terminal button that release chemicals into synaptic space
Chemicals released by synaptic vesicles
Sites on the dendrite of the receiving neuron where neurotransmitters bind fitting like keys into specially designed locks.

10. Chemical Transmission BETWEEN Neurons
Outline

11. Types of Neurons Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons
Outline
Sensory neurons
Carry information from sensory systems to the brain
Also referred to as afferent
Motor neurons
Carry information from the brain to muscles and glands
Also referred to as efferent
Interneurons
Carry information between other neurons

12. Acetylcholine (ACH) involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, and sleep
+Too much acetylcholine is associated with depression, and too little in the hippocampus has been associated with dementia
-Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

13. Acetylcholine (ACH) involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, and sleep
+Too much acetylcholine is associated with depression, and too little in the hippocampus has been associated with dementia
-Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

14. Serotonin -Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression.
Function deals with mood control.
contributes to various functions, such as regulating body temperature, sleep, mood, appetite, and pain.
-Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression.

15. Endorphins Function deals with pain control.
We become addicted to endorphin causing feelings.
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16. Divisions of the Nervous System

17. Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Dictates all comm.
In between the nerves
And the rest of the
body.

18. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates automatic bodily functions such as a heart beating or breathing.
Somatic Nervous System
- Regulates voluntary bodily functions such as kicking.

19. Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous system
Arouses the body in times of “emergency.” Epinephrine
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Clams the body.