1. To Do… Assignment due Monday, 11/13. It is open now.
Videos for new material are available.
Text homework (Chapter 12 and 13).
Consult the new Weekly Assignments.

2. Education Research

3. Some “Big” Questions
Why do some ions have specific charges in ionic compounds?
Why are some substances solids, some liquids, and some gases at the same conditions of temperature and pressure?
Why do some substances mix? Why don’t all of them?

4. The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything…
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Increase in Entropy

5. Overall goal: Atomic Structure Chemical Bonding 3D Molecular Structure
Molecular Properties

6. Clicker Question
Consider different “sodium particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following sodium species is lowest in energy?
a) Na
b) Na+
c) Na2+
d) Na
e) Na2

7. Clicker Question
Consider different “oxygen particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following oxygen species is lowest in energy?
a) O
b) O+
c) O2+
d) O
e) O2

8. Clicker Question
Consider different “oxygen particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following oxygen species is second lowest in energy?
a) O
b) O+
c) O2+
d) O
e) O2

9. Clicker Question
Consider different “sodium particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following sodium species is lowest in energy?
a) Na
b) Na+
c) Na2+
d) Na
e) Na2

10. Clicker Question
Consider different “oxygen particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following oxygen species is lowest in energy?
a) O
b) O+
c) O2+
d) O
e) O2

11. Clicker Question
Consider different “oxygen particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following oxygen species is second lowest in energy?
a) O
b) O+
c) O2+
d) O
e) O2

15. Arranged by Reactivity

16. Four Trends to Understand
Atomic radius
Ionization Energy
Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.
Electron Affinity
Energy change associated with the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom or ion.
Electronegativity
Ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself.

18. IE vs. Atomic Number

19. Successive IEs

20. EA vs. Atomic Number