2. Settling the Northern Colonies
Chapter 3
American Pageant (13th ed.)

3. Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther and the 95 theses
John Calvin (Calvinism)
Humans weak & wicked
Predestination
Very strict religion
English Reformation
Puritans & separatists emerged

4. Puritans & Separatists
Members of the Church of England (Anglicans)
Believed in the purification of English Christianity
Used Calvinism as basis
All English admitted
Puritanism fueled social unrest

5. Puritans & Separatists
King James I
Separatists
Members of the Church of England (Anglicans)
Believed “visible saints” should be only members of Church
Vowed to break from Church of England
King James said “No-no, Separatists!”

6. Church of England
Anglicans
Puritans
Separatists

7. Great English migration
Mayflower & Separatists from Holland (102 Pilgrims)
America seemed logical choice
½ aboard were separatists
All lawbreakers; no sanction from VA.CO
Mayflower Compact (1620)
Agreement to institute a government
Majority rule

8. Great English migration
70,000 people left England due to anti-Puritan persecution & problems within Church of England
20,000 destined for America
50,000 for West Indies
Massachusetts or Barbados???
Hot or cold
Service or sugar

9. Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC)
Puritans (non-separatists) received Royal Charter to set up colony; Puritans found Congregational Church
Chose Boston as center & John Winthrop as first governor
Clergy banned from political office
Most influential place in New England economically & socially

10. Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC)
Intolerant of Quakers
Intolerant of Anne Hutchinson
“If you’re predestined for Heaven, why obey the law?”
Banished from MBC & later killed by Indians
Intolerant of Roger Williams
“Let’s break up with the Church of England & stop bullying the Indians.”
Ended up founding Rhode Island

11. MBC vs. Rhode Island (“Rogue’s Island, Sewer, Lord’s Debris”)
Fundamental differences
Approach to religion
MBC: Puritanism, government runs church
RI: Complete freedom of religion
Settlers
MBC: Puritans/Separatists
RI: Religious outcasts & exiles

12. Royal charter

15. King Philip’s War ( )
Puritans (settlers in general) vs. Native Americans for preservation of their traditional way of life
Pequot War (1637): brutal slaughter of Pequot Indians
After, an Indian alliance formed between coastal tribes
Led by Metacom (aka King Philip)
English villages attacked, hundreds dead, Philip decapitated & displayed in Plymouth
Destroyed Native influence in New England
"[Philip was] the most powerful enemy that was ever encountered ... [and] came near exterminating the whole English race in New England." Francis Baylies, 1830

16. Colonial Unity? New England Confederation (1643)
“Hometown” creation of failed unity
Dominion of New England (1686)
Created in England to enforce Navigation Laws; forced American trade with only English
Led by the hated Sir Edmund Andros
Taxed w/o consent, ruthless, member of Church of England, enforced Nav. Laws, stopped smuggling

17. Glorious Revolution (1688-89)
English people revolted against oppression from thrown (James II) and enthroned William III and Mary from Netherlands
Dominion of England collapsed: Andros deported
Americans protested old government
Salutary neglect ensued (Nav. Laws not really enforced)
More English in American courts
New royal governors & charters
Corrupt people “take over”

18. Starting to come into our own
Virginia (1607)
Massachusetts(1620)
New Hampshire (1623)
Maryland (1634)
Connecticut (1635)
Rhode Island (1636)
Delaware (1638)
North Carolina (1653)
South Carolina (1663)
New Sweden becomes East/West Jersey & New York(1664)
Pennsylvania (1681)
Georgia (1732)