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Touring Our Solar System
Chapter 23 Touring Our Solar System 23.1 : Overview Of The Planets In Our Solar System 23.2: The Terrestrial Planets 23.3: The Outer Planets 23.4: Minor Members of The Solar System Who is Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke
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23.1 The Solar System The Planets: An Overview
The terrestrial planets are planets that are small and rocky—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The Jovian planets are the huge gas giants—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Pluto does not fit into either the Jovian or the terrestrial category.
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Orbits of the Planets Makes no sense without caption in book What was the pneumonic device that YOU learned when memorizing the order of the planets?
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23.1 The Solar System The Planets: An Overview
Size is the most obvious difference between the terrestrial and Jovian planets. Density, chemical makeup, and rate of rotation are other ways in which the two groups of planets differ. How long does it take for Earth to make one rotation? ______
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Planetary Data Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.1 The Solar System The Planets: An Overview
The Interiors of the Planets • The substances that make up the planets are divided into three groups: gases, rocks, and ices. The Atmosphere of the Planets • The Jovian planets have very thick atmospheres of hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia. • By contrast, the terrestrial planets, including Earth, have meager atmospheres at best.
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Scale of the Planets Makes no sense without caption in book
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Scale of the Planets Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.1 The Solar System Formation of the Solar System Nebular Theory
• A nebula is a cloud of gas and/or dust in space. • According to the nebular theory, the sun and planets formed from a rotating disk of dust and gases.
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23.1 The Solar System Formation of the Solar System Planetesimals
• Planetesimals are small, irregularly shaped bodies formed by colliding matter.
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Formation of the Universe
Makes no sense without caption in book
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Planetary Composition, Distance from the Sun, and Melting Point
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Mercury: The Innermost Planet 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets Mercury is the innermost and second smallest planet; it is hardly larger than Earth’s moon. Surface Features • Mercury has cratered highlands, much like the moon, and vast smooth terrains that resemble maria. Surface Temperatures • Mercury has the greatest temperature extremes of any planet.
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Mercury’s Surface Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Venus: The Veiled Planet 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets Surface Temperatures • The surface temperature of Venus reaches 475oC, and its atmosphere is 97 percent carbon dioxide.
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Venus: The Veiled Planet 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets Venus is similar to Earth in size, density, mass, and location in the solar system. Thus, it has been referred to as “Earth’s twin.” Surface Features • Venus is covered in thick clouds that visible light cannot penetrate. • About 80 percent of Venus’s surface consists of plains covered by volcanic flow.
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Venus Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Mars: The Red Planet 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets The Martian Atmosphere • The Martian atmosphere has only 1 percent of the density of Earth’s. • Although the atmosphere of Mars is very thin, extensive dust storms occur and may cause the color changes observed from Earth. Surface Features • Most Martian surface features are old by Earth standards. The highly cratered southern hemisphere is probably 3.5 billion to 4.5 billion years old.
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Mars Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Mars: The Red Planet 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets Water on Mars • Some areas of Mars exhibit drainage patterns similar to those created by streams on Earth. • Images from the Mars Global Surveyor indicate that groundwater has recently migrated to the surface.
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Water on Mars Makes no sense without caption in book
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Planetary Review Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are known as the _______________ planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are known as the _______________ planets. Mercury is the _____________________ planet. Venus is known as the ______________ planet. Mars is call the ___________ planet. Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Jupiter: Giant Among Planets
Jupiter has a mass that is 2 1/2 times greater than the mass of all the other planets and moons combined. Structure of Jupiter • Jupiter’s hydrogen-helium atmosphere also contains small amounts of methane, ammonia, water, and sulfur compounds.
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Jupiter and the Great Red Spot
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Jupiter: Giant Among Planets Jupiter’s Moons
• Jupiter’s satellite system, including the 28 moons discovered so far, resembles a miniature solar system. Jupiter’s Rings • Jupiter’s ring system was one of the most unexpected discoveries made by Voyager 1. Although 28 moons are recorded in our text, scientists predict there to be many more. Guess how many moons Jupiter is now predicted to have? ______
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Jupiter’s Largest Moons
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Saturn: The Elegant Planet
The most prominent feature of Saturn is its system of rings. Features of Saturn • Saturn’s atmosphere is very active, with winds roaring at up to 1500 kilometers per hour. • Large cyclonic “storms” similar to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, although smaller, occur in Saturn’s atmosphere.
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Cassini Approaching Saturn
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Saturn: The Elegant Planet Saturn’s Rings
• Until the discovery that Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune have ring systems, this phenomenon was thought to be unique to Saturn. • Most rings fall into one of two categories based on particle density. Saturn’s Moons • Saturn’s satellite system consists of 31 moons. • Titan is the largest moon, and it is bigger than Mercury.
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Saturn’s Rings Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Uranus: The Sideways Planet
Instead of being generally perpendicular to the plane of its orbit like the other planets, Uranus’s axis of rotation lies nearly parallel with the plane of its orbit.
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Uranus Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Neptune: The Windy Planet
Winds exceeding 1000 kilometers per hour encircle Neptune, making it one of the windiest places in the solar system. If 1 mile = 1.6 kilometers, how many miles/hour is Neptune’s winds blowing?
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Neptune Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Pluto: Planet X
Pluto’s orbit is highly eccentric, causing it to occasionally travel inside the orbit of Neptune, where it resided from 1979 through February 1999.
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23.3 The Outer Planet: Recap
________: Giant Among Planets ________: The Elegant Planet ________: The Sideways Planet ________: The Windy Planet ________: Planet X 23.3 The Outer Planet: Recap
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23.3 The Outer Planet: Recap
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Asteroids: Microplanets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System An asteroid is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a few hundred kilometers to less than a kilometer. Most asteroids lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. They have orbital periods of three to six years.
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Irregular Orbits of Asteroids
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Comets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Comets are small bodies made of rocky and metallic pieces held together by frozen gases. Comets generally revolve about the sun in elongated orbits.
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Comets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Coma • A coma is the fuzzy, gaseous component of a comet’s head. • A small glowing nucleus with a diameter of only a few kilometers can sometimes be detected within a coma. As comets approach the sun, some, but not all, develop a tail that extends for millions of kilometers.
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Comet’s Tail Points Away from the Sun
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Comets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Kuiper Belt • Like the asteroids in the inner solar system, most Kuiper belt comets move in nearly circular orbits that lie roughly in the same plane as the planets. Oort Cloud • Comets with long orbital periods appear to be distributed in all directions from the sun, forming a spherical shell around the solar system called the Oort cloud.
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Comets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Halley’s Comet • The most famous short-period comet is Halley’s comet. Its orbital period is 76 years.
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Meteoroids 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System A meteoroid is a small, solid particle that travels through space. A meteor is the luminous phenomenon observed when a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up, popularly called a shooting star. A meteorite is any portion of a meteoroid that reaches Earth’s surface.
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Winslow, Arizona 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System 5 Meteorite Sites To Visit In USA
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Meteoroids 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Most meteoroids originate from any one of the following three sources: (1) interplanetary debris that was not gravitationally swept up by the planets during the formation of the solar system, (2) material from the asteroid belt, or (3) the solid remains of comets that once traveled near Earth’s orbit.
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Major Meteor Showers Makes no sense without caption in book
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How Long Can You Survive On Each Planet?
Makes no sense without caption in book
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Touring Our Solar System
Chapter 23 Touring Our Solar System 23.1 : Overview Of The Planets In Our Solar System 23.2: The Terrestrial Planets 23.3: The Outer Planets 23.4: Minor Members of The Solar System Who is Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke
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23.1 The Solar System The Planets: An Overview
The __________________are planets that are small and rocky—________, ______, Earth, and _____. The __________ are the huge gas giants—_______, ______, _______, and _______. ______ does not fit into either the Jovian or the terrestrial category.
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Orbits of the Planets Makes no sense without caption in book What was the pneumonic device that YOU learned when memorizing the order of the planets?
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23.1 The Solar System The Planets: An Overview
_____ is the most obvious difference between the terrestrial and Jovian planets. _______, chemical makeup, and rate of _________ are other ways in which the two groups of planets differ. How long does it take for Earth to make one rotation? ______
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Planetary Data Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.1 The Solar System The Planets: An Overview
The Interiors of the Planets • The substances that make up the planets are divided into three groups: __________________. The Atmosphere of the Planets • The Jovian planets have very thick atmospheres of ________, helium, ________, and ammonia. • By contrast, the terrestrial planets, including Earth, have meager atmospheres at best.
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Scale of the Planets Makes no sense without caption in book Scale of the Planets, Moons, and Stars in the Solar System. (Click Here)
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23.1 The Solar System Formation of the Solar System: Theory 1
Nebular Theory • A ______ is a cloud of gas and/or dust in space. • According to the nebular theory, the sun and planets formed from a rotating disk of dust and gases.
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23.1 The Solar System Formation of the Solar System: Theory 2
Planetesimals • Planetesimals are small, irregularly shaped bodies formed by _____________________.
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Formation of the Universe
Makes no sense without caption in book
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Planetary Composition, Distance from the Sun, and Melting Point
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
___________: The Innermost Planet 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets Mercury is the innermost and second smallest planet; it is hardly larger than ________________. Surface Features • Mercury has cratered __________, much like the moon, and vast smooth terrains that resemble _________. Surface Temperatures • Mercury has the greatest __________ extremes of any planet.
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Mercury’s Surface Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Venus: The _________________ 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets Surface Temperatures • The surface temperature of Venus reaches 475oC, and its atmosphere is 97 percent _________________.
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Venus: The Veiled Planet 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets Venus is similar to Earth in size, density, mass, and location in the solar system. Thus, it has been referred to as “________ _________.” Surface Features • Venus is covered in thick clouds that visible light cannot penetrate. • About ___________of Venus’s surface consists of plains covered by ____________.
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Venus Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Mars: The ___________________ 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets The Martian Atmosphere • The Martian atmosphere has only _________ of the density of Earth’s. • Although the atmosphere of Mars is very thin, extensive dust storms occur and may cause the color changes observed from Earth. Surface Features • Most Martian surface features are old by Earth standards. The highly cratered southern hemisphere is probably ___billion to ____ billion years old.
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Mars Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.2 The Terrestrial Planets
Mars: The Red Planet 23.2 The Terrestrial Planets Water on Mars • Some areas of Mars exhibit drainage patterns similar to those created by streams on Earth. • Images from the Mars Global Surveyor indicate that groundwater has recently migrated to the surface.
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Water on Mars Makes no sense without caption in book
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Inner- Planetary Review
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are known as the _______________ planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are known as the _______________ planets. Mercury is called the _____________________ planet. Venus is called the ______________ planet. Mars is call the ___________ planet. Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets ________: Giant Among Planets
Jupiter has a mass that is _______ times greater than the mass of all the other planets and moons combined. Structure of Jupiter • Jupiter’s hydrogen-helium atmosphere also contains small amounts of methane, ammonia, water, and sulfur compounds.
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Jupiter and the Great Red Spot
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Jupiter: Giant Among Planets Jupiter’s Moons
• Jupiter’s satellite system, including the _____ moons discovered so far, resembles a miniature solar system. Jupiter’s Rings • Jupiter’s ring system was one of the most unexpected discoveries made by Voyager 1. Although 28 moons are recorded in our text, scientists predict there to be many more. Guess how many moons Jupiter is now predicted to have? ______
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Jupiter’s Largest Moons
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Saturn: The _________ Planet
The most prominent feature of Saturn is its _____________. Features of Saturn • Saturn’s atmosphere is very active, with winds roaring at up to _______ kilometers per hour. • Large cyclonic “storms” similar to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, although smaller, occur in Saturn’s atmosphere.
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Cassini Approaching Saturn
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Saturn: The Elegant Planet Saturn’s Rings
• Until the discovery that Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune have ring systems, this phenomenon was thought to be unique to Saturn. • Most rings fall into one of two categories based ___________________. Saturn’s Moons • Saturn’s satellite system consists of ____ moons. • ______ is the largest moon, and it is bigger than __________.
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Saturn’s Rings Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Uranus: The___________Planet
Instead of being generally perpendicular to the plane of its orbit like the other planets, Uranus’s axis of rotation lies nearly parallel with the plane of its orbit.
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Uranus Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Neptune: The _________Planet
Winds exceeding ______ kilometers per hour encircle Neptune, making it one of the windiest places in the solar system. If 1 mile = 1.6 kilometers, how many miles/hour is Neptune’s winds blowing?
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Neptune Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.3 The Outer Planets Pluto: _____________
Pluto’s orbit is highly eccentric, causing it to occasionally travel inside the orbit of Neptune, where it resided from 1979 through February 1999.
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23.3 The Outer Planet: Recap
________: Giant Among Planets ________: The Elegant Planet ________: The Sideways Planet ________: The Windy Planet ________: Planet X 23.3 The Outer Planet: Recap
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Asteroids: Microplanets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System An asteroid is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from a ____________ ____________________________________. Most asteroids lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. They have orbital periods of ____________ years.
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Irregular Orbits of Asteroids
Makes no sense without caption in book Asteroid Belt Video (click here)
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Comets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Comets are small bodies made of rocky and metallic pieces held together by ________________. Comets generally revolve about the sun in elongated orbits.
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Comets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Coma • A coma is the _______, _________component of a comet’s head. • A small glowing nucleus with a diameter of only a few kilometers can sometimes be detected within a coma. As comets approach the sun, some, but not all, develop a tail that extends for millions of kilometers.
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Comet’s Tail Points Away from the Sun
Makes no sense without caption in book
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Comets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Kuiper Belt • Like the asteroids in the inner solar system, most Kuiper belt comets move in nearly circular orbits that lie roughly in the same plane as the planets. Oort Cloud • Comets with long orbital periods appear to be distributed in all directions from the sun, forming a spherical shell around the solar system called the Oort cloud.
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Comets 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Halley’s Comet • The most famous short-period comet is Halley’s comet. Its orbital period is 76 years.
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Meteoroids 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System A ___________ is a small, solid particle that travels through space. A _________ is the luminous phenomenon observed when a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up, popularly called a shooting star. A _____________ is any portion of a meteoroid that reaches Earth’s surface.
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Winslow, Arizona 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
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23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System
Meteoroids 23.4 Minor Members of the Solar System Most meteoroids originate from any one of the following three sources: (1) interplanetary debris that was not gravitationally swept up by the planets during the formation of the solar system, (2) material from the asteroid belt, or (3) the solid remains of comets that once traveled near Earth’s orbit.
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Major Meteor Showers Makes no sense without caption in book
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