1. BOILER TRAINING Mr. Customer – Site specific
A and W
TECHNOLOGIES
BOILER TRAINING
Mr. Customer – Site specific

2. Plant Cost Factors per 1000 lbs. Steam
Fuel 74.9%
Labor 10.0%
Chemicals 0.5%
Equip Deprec
9.8%
Water 0.8%
Electricity
2.5%
Sewer 1.5%

4. Firetube Boiler Water rises near the tubes and falls
along boiler walls
Heat

7. WATER TUBE BOILER Steam Steam Drum Risers Risers FIRE BOX Downcomers
Mud Drum

9. Water and its Impurities
pH 8.0
M Alkalinity 100 ppm
Chlorides 12 ppm
Calcium 75 ppm
Magnesium 30 ppm
Total Hardness 105 ppm
Phosphate .1 ppm
Silica 5 ppm
Iron ppm
Conductivity 230 mmhos
H O 2

10. Typical Boiler System Boiler Condensate Returned Condensate Lost
Deaerator
Process
FW pump
Steam :
Boiler
Softeners
Blowdown
Makeup

11. Softeners (Sodium Zeolite)
Deaerator
FW pump :
Softeners
Makeup

12. Softener Service Cycle
Hard
105 ppm hardness
Soft
0 ppm hardness

13. How It Works? Water Drop Resin Bead Ca+ Mg+ Ca+ Na+ Mg+ Na+ Na+ Na+

14. Softener Backwash Cycle

15. Softener Brining Cycle
salt
solution

17. Softener Slow Rinse Cycle

18. Softener Fast Rinse Cycle

19. Softener Service Cycle
Hard
Soft

20. Deaeration
Deaerator
FW pump :
Softeners
Makeup

22. Deaeration
DEAERATING
SECTION
STORAGE
SECTION
5psig F

23. Deaeration
TRAYS
STORAGE
SECTION
5psig F

24. Deaeration
Steam
Inlet
STORAGE
SECTION
5psig F

25. Deaeration STORAGE SECTION Condensate Soft Return Makeup Steam
5psig F

26. Deaeration STORAGE SECTION Vent Condensate Soft Return Makeup Steam
5psig F
To Feed Water Pumps

27. Solubility of Oxygen in Water20 18 16 14
10 psi 232 F = 0-5 ppb 12
ppm
Oxygen 10
5 psi 222 F = 0-10 ppb 8
0 psi 185 F = 3 ppm 6 4 2
ppb range
Temperature *F

28. Typical Chemical Feed Points
Deaerator
Steam
Boiler
Sulfite
Feed
CONT.

29. Typical Chemical Feed Points
Deaerator
sample point
Feedwater
Steam
Boiler
Trt.
fed by FW
pumps on
Boiler
Sample
Point
Boiler water

30. Typical Chemical Feed Points
Sample Point
Deaerator
Steam
Boiler
Condensate
Feed Point
Alternative

31. A and W Bulk containers with product directly injected as noted.
TECHNOLOGIES
Chemical Feed
Hands free & Bulk
Deaerator
AWB
AWB
Liquid Sulfite
Softeners
To steam
header
AWB
AWB
AWB
AWB
Amine
Internal
Treatment
Alkalinity
Bulk containers with product
directly injected as noted.

33. TESTING - SOFTENER SOFTENER TESTING Hardness 0-1 ppm Sample Point
Deaerator
SOFTENER TESTING
Hardness ppm
Sample Point
Softener :
Softeners
Makeup

34. TESTING - FEEDWATER FEEDWATER TESTING Hardness 0-1 ppm Deaerator
sample point
Feedwater
FEEDWATER TESTING
Hardness ppm

35. TESTING - BOILER WATER BOILER TESTING Conductivity 4500 max
Neutralized
Alkalinity
Sulfite
Sample
Point
Boiler water

38. TESTING - CONDENSATE TESTING pH 6.5 – 7.2 Conductivity Record
Sample Point
Deaerator
TESTING
pH – 7.2
Conductivity Record
Hardness 0
Alkalinity 0

39. Boiler Blowdown
Surface
Blowdown
Bottom

40. Boiler Blowdown
Needle
Valve
Surface

41. Boiler Blowdown
Auto
Blowdown
Surface

42. A and W Blowdown Controller
Steam System
A and W Blowdown Controller
Timed Sample Method
A and W
Controller
Sampling electrode
Full ported
gate valve
Throttling
needle valve
cross
Max. 4’
Max 3’
110 VAC
Flush valve
Motorized ball valve.
Mount horizontally away
from heat, as near to floor
as possible.
To drain or cascade to
other boiler.
A and W
TECHNOLOGIES

43. Save some money and keep the boiler hot A and W Cascading Blowdown
Boiler System
A and W Cascading Blowdown
On Line Boiler
Boiler in Hot Wet Storage
Flashed steam
Open
Open
Blowdown
Flash
Tank
Closed
Check
Valve
Closed
Open
Closed
Boiler Bottom
Blowdown
Boiler Bottom
Blowdown
Drain
Cascading blowdown from an operating boiler is
used to keep the idle boiler filled with treated water
and hot ready to bring on line. Insure idle boiler vent
is open to completely fill boiler then close vent and
allow blowdown to exit through the surface blowdown
to the blowdown flash tank.
A and W
TECHNOLOGIES

45. Thank you for your business
A and W
TECHNOLOGIES