1. The Leader as an Individual

2. Chapter Objectives
Identify major personality dimensions and understand how personality influences leadership and relationships within organizations.
Clarify your instrumental and end values, and recognize how values guide thoughts and behavior.
Define attitudes and explain their relationship to leader behavior.
Recognize individual differences in cognitive style and broaden your own thinking style to expand leadership potential.

3. Chapter Objectives (contd.)
Practice aspects of charismatic leadership by pursuing a vision or idea that you care deeply about and want to share with others.
Apply the concepts that distinguish transformational from transactional leadership.

4. Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X: the assumption that people are basically lazy and not motivated to work and that they have a natural tendency to avoid responsibility
Theory Y: the assumption that people do not inherently dislike work and will commit themselves willingly to work that they care about

5. Personality
The set of unseen characteristics and processes that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, and people in the environment

6. Ex. 4.1 The Big Five Personality Dimensions
Outgoing, energetic, gregarious
Quiet, withdrawn, unassertive
Low
Extroversion
High
Warm, considerate, good-natured
Aloof, easily irritated
Low
Agreeableness
High
Impulsive, carefree
Responsible, dependable , goal-oriented
Low
Conscientiousness
High
Moody, tense, lower self-confidence
Stable, confident
Low
Emotional Stability
High
Imaginative, curious, open to new ideas
Narrow field of interests, likes the tried-and-true
Low
Openness to Experience
High

7. Personality Traits Locus of Control Authoritarianism
Defines whether a person places the primary responsibility for what happens to him or her within himself/herself or on outside forces
Authoritarianism
The belief that power and status differences should exist in an organization

8. Values
Fundamental beliefs that an individual considers to be important, that are relatively stable over time, and that have an impact on attitudes and behavior.
End Values
Sometimes called terminal values, these are beliefs about the kind of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue.
Instrumental Values
Beliefs about the types of behavior that are appropriate for reaching goals.

9. Attitude
An evaluation (either positive or negative) about people, events, or things.
Self-Concept
The collection of attitudes we have about ourselves; includes self-esteem and whether a person generally has a positive or negative feeling about him/herself.

10. Cognitive Style
How a person perceives, processes, interprets, and uses information

12. Ex. 4.4 Hermann’s Whole Brain Model
Upper
left D
Upper
right
Logical
Analytical
Fact-based
Quantitative
Holistic
Intuitive
Integrating
Synthesizing
Organized
Sequential
Planned
Detailed
Interpersonal
Feeling-based
Kinesthetic
Emotional C
Lower
right B
Lower
left

13. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Personality test that measures how individuals differ in gathering and evaluating information for solving problems and making decisions