1. The Enlightenment
Ch. 10.2

2. Enlightenment Defined
An 18th century philosophical movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the achievements of the Scientific Revolution
Mainly influenced by Englishmen Isaac Newton & John Locke

3. Philosophes & Their Ideas
Philosophe- French word meaning “philosopher”
VIPs
John Locke
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Diderot
Rousseau

4. John Locke theory of knowledge that humans are born with a blank mind
Wrote The Social Contract
Stated natural rights- life, liberty, property
Ideas strongly influenced Declaration of Independence

5. Montesquieu Frenchman Wrote The Spirit of the Laws
Identified 3 types of government
Republic- for small states; a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
Despotism- for large states; the exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way such as in an absolutist state
Monarchies- for moderate-sized states; a form of government with a monarch at the head
Separation of powers
Checks and balances

6. Voltaire Frenchman Writer
Champion of deism- 18th century religious philosophy based on reason & natural law

7. Diderot
Frenchman
Developer of encyclopedia, which supported Enlightenment ideas

8. Rousseau
Developed a social contract, which said that government should take care of the people, and people should obey the laws

9. Influential Enlightenment Women
Mary Wollstonecraft- fought for equal rights for women

10. Social World & Enlightenment
Reading grew
The first newspaper was developed in England
Salons- places where people met to discuss politics

11. Religion in the Enlightenment
Protestantism continued to grow
John Wesley developed the Protestant denomination of Methodists