1. The Missouri Compromise
When did it go into effect?
It was adopted by Congress in 1820
Number of Free States
Eleven free states
Number of Slave States
Eleven slave states
How did it help the North?
1. No slavery in any new state that is above Missouri’s southern boundary
2. Maine enters the Union as a free state.
How did it help the South?
1. All new state’s south of Missouri’s
Southern border would be slave states.
2. Missouri enters the Union as a slave state.

2. The Compromise of 1850 When did it go into effect?
It was adopted by Congress in 1850
Number of Free States
There were 15 free states.
Number of Slave States
There were 15 slave states.
How did it help the North?
1. California enters the Union as a free state.
2. Slave trading is ended in Washington, D.C.
3. Texas agrees not to annex New Mexico
How did it help the South?
1. Residents in Washington, D.C. could keep their slaves.
2. Congress would pass the Fugitive Slave Act
3. New Mexico and Utah would decide for themselves if they want to allow slavery.

3. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
When did it go into effect?
It was adopted by Congress in 1854
Number of Free States
There were 16 Free states.
Number of Slave States
There were 15 Slave states.
How did it help the North?
It did not help the North. The North was upset because the new law changed the Missouri Compromise.
How did it help the South?
All new states would decide for themselves if they want to allow slavery.

4. Antebellum Georgia Politics
Democrats and Whigs were two major political parties
Democrats supported states’ rights; took strong stand for slavery
Whigs mainly from upper social classes; favored moderate protective tariff and federal help for the South
Most governors were Whigs; most legislators were Democrats

5. Know-Nothing Party
Leading Georgians formed two new political parties; one party favored the Compromise of 1850 (Georgia Platform) while the other did not
A secret party, the Know-Nothing party, did not want immigrants to become citizens or anyone not born in the United States to hold political office
Members answered all questions, “I don’t know” 
By 1856, Democrats were dominant party; Dem. Joseph E. Brown, elected governor in 1856, served during the Civil War                 
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6. The Georgia Platform
Encouraged Georgians to accept the Compromise of 1850 because it gave free states a majority in the Senate.
Led by Alexander Stephens and Robert Toombs.
Necessary for Georgia to remain a part of the Union.
Some believed Georgia should not accept the compromise until Congress agreed to protect slavery and states’ rights.

7. Nullification
Those who favored states’ rights believed that states had the right to nullify any law they found unconstitutional (such as the tariff imposed by Congress in 1828 which hurt the South’s economy by requiring them to pay for items they imported from other countries).

8. The Election of 1860

9. The Republican Party Republican Party formed in 1854 in free states
Antislavery Whigs and Democrats joined
Nominated Abraham Lincoln of Illinois as their candidate in 1860
Southern and Northern Democrats split over slavery issues and nominated separate candidates
Southerners angrily viewed the plans of the Republicans as non-beneficial to the South

10. Republicans supported:
A protective tarrif
A plan to give free western lands to settlers
Construction of a transcontinental railroad with one end in the North

11. Georgia and Lincoln’s Election
Georgians were, for the most part, for the Union; however, they were strongly for states’ rights
Despite lawmakers’ strong debates for and against secession, a Secession convention began in January 1861 in Milledgeville, the capital
A secession ordinance (bill) passed
The Southern states who seceded met in Montgomery, Alabama in February, 1861; they formed the Confederate States of America

12. Georgians in Leadership
Robert Toombs named Secretary of State of the Confederate States of American (CSA)
Alexander H. Stephens (Whig) named Vice-President (was originally against secession and gave a speech against it)
Governor Joseph E. Brown favored secession and used his terms as governor to prepare Georgia for war   
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