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Tissues of the Body.

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Presentation on theme: "Tissues of the Body."— Presentation transcript:

1 Tissues of the Body

2 Histology: the study of tissues.

3 From Cells to Organ Systems
Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs

4 Four Basic Kinds of Tissues
Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue

5

6 structure and function…
Diversity in structure and function… anatomy & physiology!

7 Crash Course Intro to TISSUES

8 Epithelial Tissue Locations:
Covers the body Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body Covers the organs inside body cavities

9 Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Functions:
Protection from physical & chemical injury Protection against microbial invasion Contains receptors which respond to stimuli Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures

10 Epithelium Two FUNCTIONAL types: membranous epithelia
form the coverings or linings of organs glandular epithelia form exocrine and endocrine glands

11 Epithelium SHAPE LAYERS STRUCTURAL types: Squamous Simple Cuboidal
Columnar Stratified LAYERS

12 Epithelium-Human Stomach

13

14 Glandular Epithelia

15 Figure 4.4

16 Connective Tissue Connective Tissue: Connective Tissue Functions:
Most abundant & widely distributed tissue Connective Tissue Functions: Connects, binds and supports structures, Tendons, ligaments, etc. Protects & cushions organs and tissues, Insulates (fat) and Transports substances (blood).

17 Connective Tissue Binds the cells and organs of the body together
Section 4-1 Binds the cells and organs of the body together All connective tissues consist of two basic components: cells and extracellular matrix (fibers) Two types of connective tissue are: Connective tissue proper Specialized connective tissue

18 Connective Tissue

19 Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue
An important structural component of organs Consists of two types: Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue

20 Specialized Connective Tissues
Perform specific functions essential to homeostasis The body contains three types of specialized connective tissue: Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage matrix Two types: spongy compact Consists of specialized cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular fibers and other extracellular material BLOOD BONE CARTILAGE Contains blood cells, platelets, plasma

21 Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue: Muscle Tissue Functions:
Associated with the muscle of the skeleton, the heart and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body. Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement - Locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis = movement of substances through body (i.e. swallowing, intestinal, ovulation)

22 Muscle Tissue Consists of specialized cells that contract when stimulated The body has three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal (voluntary) Cardiac (involuntary) Smooth muscle (involuntary)

23

24 Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue: Nervous Tissue Functions:
Main component of the nervous system, ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves. Nervous Tissue Functions: Regulates & controls body functions Generates & transmits nerve impulses Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons.

25 Nervous Tissue Contains specialized cells that conduct impulses
Conducting cells, called neurons, transmit impulses from one region of the body to another. Nonconducting cells, neuroglia, are a type of nervous system connective tissue.

26 Nerve Tissue

27 TISSUE LAB EPITHELIAL (2) CONNECTIVE (2) You will view MUSCLE (1) 6
Stratified squamous Simple columnar Pseudostratified columnar CONNECTIVE (2) Adipose Blood Bone Hyaline Cartilage MUSCLE (1) Smooth Skeletal Cardiac NERVOUS (1) Motor neuron You will view 6 of the following:

28 Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)
Regeneration Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells No clotting; no scar Fibrosis Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue Scar tissue results Determination of method Type of tissue damaged Severity of the injury

29 Events in Tissue Repair
1. Capillaries become very permeable Introduce clotting proteins A clot walls off the injured area 2. Formation of granulation tissue Growth of new capillaries Rebuild collagen fibers 3. Regeneration of surface epithelium Scab detaches

30 Tissues that regenerate very well
Epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes) Fibrous connective tissues (areolar, dense) Bone Blood forming

31 Tissues that cannot regenerate at all
Cardiac muscle Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord

32 - Dense regular Moderate regeneration - Smooth Weak regeneration
Skeletal muscle Cartilage

33 Scar Tissue Build up of scar tissue obstructs or limits movements of smooth muscle. Example: 1. Stomach – churning and twisting of foodstuffs 2. Blood vessels – constricting to move blood through

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