1. Bacteria and Viruses Section 1 Notes
Chapter 6
Bacteria and Viruses
Section 1 Notes

2. Classifying Organisms
Why do Scientists Classify?
Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that organisms are easier to study.

3. Taxonomy
Scientific study of how living things are classified is called taxonomy.

4. Early Classification Systems
Aristotle- Greek scholar developed the first classification system for organisms.
Animals
Those that fly
Those that swim
Those that walk, crawl, or run

5. Carolus Linnaeus Expanded on Aristotle’s idea of classification.
Linnaeus devised a naming system for organisms. In this system Linnaeus gave each organism a two part name called binomial nomenclature.

6. Binomial Nomenclature
First part of the name is the genus.
Genus is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms.
Second part of the name is species.
Species is a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring in nature.

7. Classification Today
The theory of evolution changed the way biologists think about classification.
Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together

8. Seven Levels of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kings
Play
Cards On
Fat
Green
Stools

9. Using the Classification System
Taxonomic Key- a series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.

10. The Six Kingdoms
Section 2 Notes

11. The Six Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants
Animals

12. Archaebacteria Means “ancient bacteria” Autotrophic or heterotrophic
They are prokaryotes- No nucleus
Halo Bacteria

13. Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryotes- No nucleus
Autotrophic or heterotrophic
E Coli
Blue Green Algae

14. Protists “odds and ends” kingdom Some are autotrophs
Some are heterotrophs
Most all are unicellular
Some are multi-cellular –Seaweed
Protists are eukaryotes- Have a Nucleus

15. Fungi Multi-cellular eukaryotes- Have a Nucleus
Few are unicellular- Yeast
All fungi are heterotrophs
The feed on dead or decaying organisms
Examples are (mushrooms, molds, and mildew)

16. Plants All are multi-cellular eukaryotes Plants are autotrophs
Beginning of every food chain starts with a plant. (Producer)

17. Animals
Multi-cellular eukaryotes
All animals are heterotrophs

18. Chapter 6
Section 3 Notes

19. Bacteria Bacteria are Prokaryotes! What does Prokaryote mean?
Prokaryotes are single cell organisms that do not have a nucleus.

20. Flagellum
Flagellum is a long whip like structure that allows the cell to move throughout it’s environment.

21. Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria

22. Reproduction of Bacteria
Bacteria reproduce by a process known as Binary Fission.
Binary Fission is a process in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.
Binary Fission is a from of Asexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction is a reproductive process that involves only one parent.

23. Section 4 Notes
Viruses

24. What is a Virus?
A virus is a small, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.

25. Why are Viruses non-living?
Viruses are non-living because they are not cells.
Viruses do not use energy to grow or to respond to their surroundings.
Viruses also cannot make food, take in food, or produce wastes.

26. host
A host is a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism.
Organisms that live on or in a host and cause harm to the host are called parasites.
Can you name a few parasites?

27. Shape and Size Viruses very widely in shape and size.
Refer to page 206
Viruses are very small when compared to a bacteria cell.

28. PREVENING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Refer to page 210 Viral Infectious Diseases
One tool in preventing Infectious Diseases is vaccines.
A vaccine is a substance that stimulates the body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria. Vaccine may be made from dead or altered viruses or bacteria.
The viruses or bacteria in the vaccine do not cause disease, but instead activate the body’s natural defenses.