1. Restoring Liberty and Justice, Once and For All

6. Article VII
“The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.”

7. Article VII
“The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.”

9. Article VII

10. The Tenth Amendment
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

11. The Tenth Amendment
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

12. The Tenth Amendment
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

13. Article V
“(Proposed) Amendments…shall be valid…when ratified by…three-fourths of the several States.”

14. Article VII (1789)

15. Article VII (1789)
Article V ( )

16. 2016 ?
Article VII (1789)
Article V ( )

17. 2016 ?
Article VII (1789)
Article V ( )

18. The Tenth Amendment
1. Is there ever a time when the States do not reserve residual powers unto themselves? Is there ever a time when the Tenth Amendment simply does not apply? Is there ever an exception to the Tenth Amendment?

19. The Tenth Amendment
1. Is there ever a time when the States do not reserve residual powers unto themselves? Is there ever a time when the Tenth Amendment simply does not apply? Is there ever an exception to the Tenth Amendment?

20. The Tenth Amendment
1. Is there ever a time when the States do not reserve residual powers unto themselves? Is there ever a time when the Tenth Amendment simply does not apply? Is there ever an exception to the Tenth Amendment?

21. Independently, in Common
1. Is there ever a time when the States do not reserve residual powers unto themselves? NO Is there ever a time when the Tenth Amendment simply does not apply? NO Is there ever an exception to the Tenth Amendment? NO.

22. The Tenth Amendment
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

23. Independently, by Themselves
1. Is there ever a time when the States do not reserve residual powers unto themselves? Is there ever a time when the Tenth Amendment simply does not apply? Is there ever an exception to the Tenth Amendment?

24. Independently, by Themselves
1. Is there ever a time when the States do not reserve residual powers unto themselves? YES Is there ever a time when the Tenth Amendment simply does not apply? YES Is there ever an exception to the Tenth Amendment? YES.

25. Cessions of Power, Ceded Independently, but in Common
Article VII: Ratification Process Article V: Amendment Process Article I: Exclusive Legislative Jurisdiction
Cessions of Power, Ceded Independently, by Themselves

26. Cessions of Power, Ceded Independently, but in Common
Article VII: Ratification Process Article V: Amendment Process Article I: Exclusive Legislative Jurisdiction
Cessions of Power, Ceded Independently, by Themselves

27. Cessions of Power, Ceded Independently, but in Common
Article VII: Ratification Process Article V: Amendment Process Article I: Exclusive Legislative Jurisdiction
Cessions of Power, Ceded Independently, by Themselves

28. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

29. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

30. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17

31. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

32. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

33. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

34. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

35. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

36. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

37. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

38. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

39. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17

40. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17

41. Cessions of Power Ceded Independently,
but in Common
Article VII Ratification and Article V Amendment processes cede named powers and reserve all others.

42. Cessions of Power Ceded Independently,
but in Common
Article VII Ratification and Article V Amendment processes cede named powers and reserve all others.

43. Article I, Section 8, Clause 17
“Congress shall have Power… To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.”

44. States Ceding Power Independently, in Common
Article VII (1789)

45. Article VII (1789) Article V (1791-1971)
States Ceding Power Independently, in Common
Article VII (1789)
Article V ( )

46. Article VII (1789) Article V (1791-1971)
States Ceding Power Independently, in Common
Article VII (1789)
Apparent Federal Action
Article V ( )

47. Article VII (1789) Article V (1791-1971)
States Ceding Power Independently, in Common
Article VII (1789)
Apparent Federal Action
Article V ( )

48. Article VII (1789) Article V (1791-1971)
States Ceding Power Independently, in Common
Article VII (1789)
States Ceding Power Independently, by Themselves: Exclusive Legislative Jurisdiction of Congress
Article V ( )

49. Article VII (1789) Article V (1791-1971)
States Ceding Power Independently, in Common
Article VII (1789)
States Ceding Power Independently, by Themselves: Exclusive Legislative Jurisdiction of Congress
Article V ( )

50. Article VI, Clause 2
“This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof…shall be the Supreme Law of the Land; the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or the Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”

51. Article VI, Clause 2
“This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof…shall be the Supreme Law of the Land; the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or the Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”

52. Article VI, Clause 2
“This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof…shall be the Supreme Law of the Land; the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or the Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”

53. Article VI, Clause 2
“This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof…shall be the Supreme Law of the Land; the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or the Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”

54. XI Amendment
“The Judicial Power of the United States shall not be construed to…extend to any suit in Law or Equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.”

55. Article VII Article V States Ceding Power Independently, in Common
States Ceding Power Independently, by Themselves: Exclusive Legislative Jurisdiction of Congress
Article V

56. XXI Amendment
“The eighteenth Article of Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed…”

57. States Ceding Power Independently, in Common
Article VII
Article V

58. Non-Fiction Books: Fiction Novels: