1. RETICULAR FORMATION (그물 형성체)
발표자 : 고 동 록 1

2. Gross Divisions of the Brain
 Cerebrum
(cerebral hemisphere)
 Diencephalon
 Cerebellum
 Brainstem

3. Inner Structures of the Brain
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Brainstem

5. Brain Stem Sections Closed Medulla Level of pyramidal decussation
Level of lemniscal decussation
Open Medulla
Mid-olivary Level
Upper level of medulla
Pons
Level of abducens nucleus
level of trigeminal motor nucleus
Midbrain
Level of inferior colliculus
Level of superior colliculus

6. Basic Strucrure of Brain Stem 1. Roof Plate 2. Tegmentum
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Basic
Strucrure of
Brain Stem
1. Roof Plate
2. Tegmentum
3. Basal Portion

7. Tegmentum Cranial nerve Nuclei Precerebellar Nuclei
Reticular Formation
Tracts
Ascending Cortical Pathway
Cerebellar Circuits
Descending Tract
Composite Bundle

8. Reticular Formation
Various nuclei: 1) Nuclei of medullary reticular formation
2) Nuclei of pontine reticular formation
3) Nuclei of midbrain reticular formation
Situated: - Downwards into spinal cord
- Upwards up to thalamus and subthalamus
Diffused mass of neurons and nerve fibers forming an ill-defined meshwork of reticulum in the central portion of the brainstem. 8

9. Reticular Formation phylogenetically oldest part of the CNS
axons distributed throughout neuraxis
radially oriented dendrites to receive multiple inputs
from 4,000 neurons
to 25,000 neurons

11. Connections of Reticular Formation
Fig. 2 – Efferent connections of reticular formation
Fig. 1 -Afferent connections of reticular formation 11

13. Ascending Reticular Activating System - ARAS
Functional divisions of Reticular Formation
Ascending Reticular Activating System - ARAS
Receives fibers from the sensory pathways via long ascending spinal tracts.
Alertness, maintenance of attention and wakefulness.
Emotional reactions, important in learning processes.
Tumor or lession – sleeping sickness or coma.
Fig.3 – Brain section. 13

14. Descending Reticular System
Inhibitory:
Smoothness and accuracy of voluntary movements
Reflex movements
Regulates muscle tone
Maintenance of posture
Control vegetative functions
Facilitatory:
Mantains the muscle tone
Facilitates autonomic functions
Activates ARAS 14

15. RETICULAR FORMATION
Diffuse mass of neurons & nerve fibers that make the core of the brain stem;
They run through the medulla oblongata, pons & midbrain;
Nc. of medullary reticular formation;
Nc. of pontine reticular formation;
Nc. of midbrain reticular formation;

16. RETICULAR FORMATION –AFFERENT & EFFERENT CONNECTIONS OF RETICULAR FORMATION
Optic, auditory olfactory and taste pathways
Sensory Pathways
Cerebellum
Substancia Nigra
Thalamus
Cortex
Reticular Formation
Red Nucleus
Reticular Formation
Cerebellum
Cortex SC SC
Tectum
(Touch, pain, temperature, kinesthestic sensation)
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
Corpus Striatum
EFFERENT CONNECTION TO THE RETICULAR FORMATION
AFFERENT CONNECTION TO THE RETICULAR FORMATION

17. FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS OF RETICULAR FORMATION
RETICULAR ACTIVATION SYSTEM (RAS)
Name given to
RETICULAR FORMATION & ITS CONNECTIONS
It’s believed to be the center of arousal and motivation in mammals (including humans).
ASCENDING RETICULAR ACTIVATION SYSTEM
DESCENDING RETICULAR ACTIVATION SYSTEM

18. DESCENDING RETICULAR ACTIVATION SYSTEM - DRAS
INHIBITORY
Smoothness and accuracy of voluntary movements;
Reflex movements;
Regulates muscle tone;
Maintenance of posture;
Control of vegetative functions.
FACILITATORY
Maintains the muscle tone;
Facilitates autonomic functions;
Activates ARAS.

19. RETICULAR FORMATION: FUNCTIONS
REGULATION OF SLEEP, thus, the maintenance of the SLEEPING cycle or CIRCADIAN rhythm;
Filtering of incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli;
It’s crucial to maintain the state of CONSCIOUSNESS related to the circadian rhythm – MELATONIN effects on RAS;
ANS control – respiratory rate, heart rate, GIT activity.

21. Reticular Formation Diverse Functions 1. regulate cerebral function
ascending reticular activating system
2. regulate vital activity
respiratory center, cardiovascular center
3. regulation of sensory transmission
raphe magnus, lateral tegmental nucleus
4. regulation of motor function
reticulospinal tract
* monoaminergic neuron system
raphe nuclei – serotonin
locus ceruleus – norepinephrine
ventral tgmental area and substantia nigra - dopamine

22. Reticular Formation A. Raphe Nuclei B. Central Nuclear Group
C. Lateral
D. Precerebellar
Reticular Nuclei A B C D

23. Central Nuclear Group of Reticular Formation
Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus
Caudal Reticulopontine Nucleus
Oral Reticulopontine Nucleus
Subcuneiform Nucleus
Cuneiform Nucleus

24. Lateral Nuclear Group of Reticular Formation
Central Nucleus of Medulla Oblongata
Superficial Ventrolateral Reticular Area
Parvicellular Reticular Nucleus
Parabrachial Nucleus
Pedunculopontine Nucleus

25. Raphe Nuclei - Serotonergic Neuron
Nucleus Raphe Pallidus, B1
Nucleus Raphe Obscrus, B2
Nucleus Raphe Magnus, B3
Pontine Raphe Nucleus, B5
Median Raphe or Superior Central Nucleus, B6, B8
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus, B7
Nucleus Linealis

26. Norepinephrinergic & Dopaminergic Neuron
Norepinephrinergic Neuron
Nucleus Locus Ceruleus, A6
Dopaminergic Neuron
Retrorubral Area, A8
Ventral Tegmental Area, A10
Substantia Nigra, Pars Compacta, A9

27. Norepinephrinergic & Serotonergic Neuron

28. Norepinephrine and Methamphetamine (Philopon)

29. Serotonin and Depression

30. Summary nuclei - The medial zone - The lateral zone Location Function
- Somatic motor control
- CVS control
- Pain modulation
- Sleep and consciousness
- Habituation
- Sensory control
- Visceral control
nuclei
- The raphe nuclei
- The medial zone
- The lateral zone
RAS

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